IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems
Online ISSN : 1348-8155
Print ISSN : 0385-4221
ISSN-L : 0385-4221
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Volume 126, Issue 7
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
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Special Issue on “The Electronics, Information and Systems Conference Electronics, Information and Systems Society, I.E.E. of Japan”
Special Issue Paper
<Biomedical Engineering>
  • Evaluation of the Driver's Temporary Arousal Level by Facial Skin Thermogram
    —Effect of Surrounding Temperature and Wind on the Thermogram—
    Ryo Sakamoto, Akio Nozawa, Hisaya Tanaka, Tota Mizuno, Hideto Ide
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 7 Pages 804-809
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.126.804
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    Recently, established transportation system is actively done to the research on ITS that starts achieving a more excellent traffic environment by using most-advanced information and communications technology. We studied the method of evaluating physiologycal state of human based on facial skin thermal image analysis. However it is said that facial skin thermogram have a susceptibility to environmental variation. In this paper, how much the facial skin thermogram effected the influence of the outside environment was examined. As a result, when there is no stressor from the outside, the environmental variation can be removed by calculating the temperature of ( nasal - forehead ). On the other hand, in the case of giving subject the stressor, the change of temperature appeared only nose.
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<Communication and Networks>
  • Transmission Characteristics of an OFDM signal for Power Line Communication System with High Bit Rate
    Akira Mori, Yosuke Watanabe, Masamitsu Tokuda, Koji Kawamoto
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 7 Pages 810-817
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.126.810
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    In this paper, we measured what influence the sinusoidal transmission characteristics of the electric power line with various forms gave to the transmission characteristic of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) signal through PLC (power line communication system) modem. We classified the electric power line transmission line with various forms in a real environment into two basic elements, which are an outlet type branch and a switch type branch. Next, PHY rate (Physical rate) is measured for each basic element connected with the PLC modem. At this time, the transmission characteristics of the electric power line are simulated from measured data. OFDM sending and receiving systems are composed on the computer, and the PHY rate is simulated. By comparing with measured and calculated values, it is revealed that PHY rate of PLC modem is most affected in the case of the power line transmission characteristics having broad band and high level attenuation and group delay variation, and is not affected in the case of that having narrow band attenuation and group delay variation.
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  • A New Qos Packet Scheduler Using the Learning Automaton
    Masayuki Munakata, Hiroyuki Une, Fei Qian
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 7 Pages 818-824
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.126.818
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    Today's Internet traffic is classified into realtime traffic (e.g.voice and video streaming) and non-realtime traffic (e.g.E-mail and FTP data transfer). Realtime traffic is received as a mischief which may not be able to smoothly use applications by marked delay or dropped packets when congestion occurrs as a bottle-neck link. Therefore, necessity of Qos (Quality of service) is rising. For example, allocation of network service rates and priority to realtime traffic.
    In this paper, we present a new packet scheduer for the router and build control system which is intended for a best-effort (BE) flow and several constrained Qos flows. Scheduler to suggest describes a policy that satisfies delay-constrained Qos requirement of each flow and gives maximum traffic for BE flow.
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<Sound and Image Processing and Recognition>
  • Development of Audio Watermark Technology to be Extracted Contactlessly by Cell Phone
    Toshio Modegi
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 7 Pages 825-831
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.126.825
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    We have proposed a novel audio watermarking technology, which embeds a set of bitstream data by changing two-channel stereo locations of lower frequency components in an embedding target audio signal. This method features nearly lossless embedding, robustness against lossy data compression or analogue conversion, and enables contactless asynchronous detection of embedded watermarks through speaker and microphone devices without the original audio signals.
    Then, we propose several extended monaural embedding methods, which embed data by changing level balances between two sets of lower frequency components, which are divided by either frequency or temporal dimensions. In these level changes, we remove lower frequency components of the left channel signal and add the removed components to the corresponding components of the right channel of given stereo signal in order to support also nearly lossless embedding. These methods enable watermark detection from only the left channel signal by a single monaural microphone, and we have confirmed detection capability by a cell phone.
    In this paper, we describe abstracts of our proposed watermark embedding and extracting algorithms, experimental results of watermark extraction precision.
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<Control and Measurement>
  • A State Space Filter for Reinforcement Learning
    - Concept and a Design -
    Masato Nagayoshi, Hajime Murao, Hisashi Tamaki
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 7 Pages 832-839
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.126.832
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    Reinforcement Learning (RL) attracts much attention as a technique of realizing computational intelligence such as adaptive and autonomous decentralized systems. However, in general, it is not easy to put RL into practical use. This difficulty includes a problem of designing a reasonable state space of an agent, i.e., satisfying two requirements in trade-off: to reduce the search space for making a learning process be fast and to keep the characteristics of the search space for seeking better strategies. In this paper, in order to overcome the above difficulty, we propse a concept of a “state space filtering", and a method to adjust the search space adaptively by referring to an entropy. Then, through computational experiments by using a robot navigation problem with continuous state space, the validity and the potential of the proposed method have been comfirmed.
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<Robotics>
  • Development of Outdoor Service Robot to Collect Trash on Streets
    Masayuki Obata, Takeshi Nishida, Hidekazu Miyagawa, Takashi Kondo, Fuj ...
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 7 Pages 840-848
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.126.840
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    The outdoor service robot which we call OSR-01 is developed intending for cleaning up urban areas by means of collecting discarded trash such as PET bottles, cans, plastic bags and so on. We, in this paper, describe the architecture of OSR-01 consisting of hardwares such as sensors, a manipulator, driving wheels, etc. for searching for and picking up trash, and softwares such as fast pattern matching for identifying various trash and distance measurement for picking up via the manipulator. After describing the vision system in detail, which is one of the most critical parts of the trash collection task, we show the result of an open experiment in which OSR-01 collects PET bottles on a real shopping street in the special zone for robot research and development in Kitakyushu-city.
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<Neural Network, Fuzzy and Chaos Systems>
  • Medical Association Rule Mining Using Genetic Network Programming
    Kaoru Shimada, Rouchen Wang, Kotaro Hirasawa, Takayuki Furuzuki
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 7 Pages 849-856
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.126.849
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    An efficient algorithm for building a classifier is proposed based on an important association rule mining using Genetic Network Programming (GNP). The proposed method measures the significance of the association via the chi-squared test. Users can define the conditions of important association rules for building a classifier flexibly. The definition can include not only the minimum threshold chi-squared value, but also the number of attributes in the association rules. Therefore, all the extracted important rules can be used for classification directly. GNP is one of the evolutionary optimization techniques, which uses the directed graph structure as genes. Instead of generating a large number of candidate rules, our method can obtain a sufficient number of important association rules for classification. In addition, our method suits association rule mining from dense databases such as medical datasets, where many frequently occurring items are found in each tuple. In this paper, we describe an algorithm for classification using important association rules extracted by GNP with acquisition mechanisms and present some experimental results of medical datasets.
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  • The Global Optimization with the PSO Coupling Type Discrete Gradient Chaos Model
    Takashi Okamoto, Eitaro Aiyoshi
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 7 Pages 857-864
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.126.857
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    In this paper, we propose a new multi-agent discrete gradient chaos model using a coupling structure which PSO has. Concretely, firstly, we introduce a multi-agent type optimization model whose agents search autonomously with the discrete gradient chaos model which is the simplest dynamical global search model, and they are coupled by convective coupling. Convective coupling in this model is used to aim at a overcoming of emergence of boundary crisis which is a problem of original discrete gradient chaos model. Secondary, we introduce PSO coupling structure, where population drifts to the gbest and the pbest, into discrete gradient chaos model. Then, we propose “PSO coupling type discrete gradient chaos model" with the search strategy based on objective function's value. In this paper, our proposal models are applied to several benchmark problems. The results show that our proposed models have better global optimization ability than original discrete gradient chaos model and PSO model.
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<Software and Information Processing>
  • Information Filtering Using Latent Semantics
    Takeru Yokoi, Hidekazu Yanagimoto, Sigeru Omatu
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 7 Pages 865-870
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.126.865
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    We propose an information filtering system using latent semantics obtained by the Singular Value Decomposition(SVD) and the Independent Component Analysis(ICA). Document vectors usually have too many elements. So we are obliged to spend much time to apply the ICA for the document vectors. To solve this problem, the present method combines the SVD which is often used for decreasing dimension and the ICA. Before applying the ICA, we represent documents with singular vectors obtained by the SVD. We measure processing times to carry out the ICA without the SVD and the proposed method for comparison of these methods. In addition, we construct a user profile in space consisted of latent semantics obtained by the present method, and discuss accuracy of recommendation.
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Paper
<Electronic Devices>
  • High-Accuracy Measurement on Thermal Displacement and Strain Distributions of Electronic Packaging
    Yasuyuki Morita, Kazuo Arakawa, Mitsugu Todo
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 7 Pages 871-876
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.126.871
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    The thermal deformation of electronic package, QFP (Quad Flat Package), was measured by phase-shifting moiré interferometry. This method was developed using a wedge-glass-plate as a phase-shifter to obtain the displacement fields with the sensitivity of 80 nm/line. Digital image processing was also introduced to determine the strain distributions quantitatively. Thermal loading was applied by heating the package from room temperature 25°C to an elevated temperature 100°C. The result showed that the normal and shear strains concentrated in the packaging resins around the silicon chip, mount island, and lead frames.
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<Communication and Networks>
  • Performance Evaluation on Two-dimensional Cellular Networks Considering Mobility of Mobile Nodes
    Michihiro Inoue, Noriaki Yoshiura, Yoshikuni Onozato, Hiroshige Kimura
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 7 Pages 877-882
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.126.877
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    In this paper, we investigate the performance of two-dimensional cellular networks in consideration of the mobility of mobile nodes through the simulation. We assume that each mobile node moves in accordance with the random way point method in the two-dimensional cellular network. The speed of mobile nodes are given by three different probability distributions, that is, truncated exponential, uniform, and reverse truncated distributions. The moving angle of mobile nodes is given by the uniform distribution. The performance is measured by blocking probability of handover call, mean handover times, and mean channel occupation time. From the simulation studies, we conclude that 1)the effect of the change of moving angle on the performance is very small. 2)concerning the speed distribution of the mobile nodes, the dominant factor on the performance is the low speed of mobile nodes.
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<Control and Measurement>
  • Undershoot Reduction for Plants with Real Unstable Zeros by Time-Varying Controller Design
    Ferry Hadary, Fujio Ohkawa
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 7 Pages 883-887
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.126.883
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    It is well known that undershoot phenomena are inevitable for plants having real unstable zeros. In this paper, we first investigate the undershoot phenomena caused by real ustable zeros of the plant to be controlled theoretically. We then propose methods of reducing the undershoot amount for a plant with real unstable zeros. The ideas are an introduction of exponential decay factor in the performance index in optimal LQR, and time-varying controller (digital control) with piecewise constant hold, where in this design enables us to change the inter-sample control input. We can confirm the effectiveness by simulations.
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<Neural Network, Fuzzy and Chaos Systems>
  • Numerical Study on an Autonomous Decentralized Model-Based Simulation of Resources Circulation Systems
    Takuya Matsumoto, Hisashi Tamaki, Hajime Murao, Shinzo Kitamura
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 7 Pages 888-896
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.126.888
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    In this paper, a methodology for modeling and controlling of resources circulation systems is studied. We propose a model structure by introducing two kinds of sub-models: a physical model and an information model. The physical model is used for simulating the flow of materials, products and also money, while the information model is used for representing flow of information and decision-making on production, consumption, recycling/reuse, discard, etc. Moreover, we introduce an additional top-level component, a supervisor, who observes the global behavior of the system and controls it indirectly. Based on the proposed approach, we implement a prototype of simulation model including producers, consumers and recyclers. Through some computer simulations based on the model, it is shown that the model has price adjustment function and its global behavior is very complicated. Then, we examine influences of the informational as well as the physical indirect control on the resources circulation.
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<System Engineering>
  • Socio-technical Issues for Ubiquitous Information Society in 2010
    Motohisa Funabashi, Koichi Homma, Toshiro Sasaki, Yoshinori Sato, Kuni ...
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 7 Pages 897-903
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.126.897
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    Impact of the ubiquitous information technology on our society is so significant that directing technological development and preparing institutional apparatus are quite important and urgent. The present paper elaborates, with the efforts by both humanity and engineering disciplines, to find out the socio-technical issues of ubiquitous information society in 2010 by inspecting social implications of emerging technology as well as social expectations. In order to deliberate the issues, scenarios are developed that describes possible life in ubiquitous information society. The derived issues cover integrating information technology and human body, producing smart sharable environment, protecting individual rights, fostering new service business, and forming community.
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  • Bifurcation and Convergence of Particle Swarm Optimization Dynamics Embedded into Upper and Lower Bound
    Hideki Murata, Eitaro Aiyoshi
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 7 Pages 904-912
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.126.904
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    In this paper, we propose two types of dynamics of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) embedded into upper and lower bounds, which have more powerful abilities of searching the global optimal solution on their bounded constraints. The new type of dynamics called "nonlinear operator model" and "nonlinear variable transformation model" are inertial models, which are introduced by discretizing the convolution integral form on continuous time. After certifying stability and/or instability including chaos of dynamics by the bifurcation diagrams, the infuences of model parameters settings on the global search are investigated to achieve better performance than the orthodox PSO dynamics in copmutational simulations for a few benchmark objective functions.
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<Software and Information Processing>
  • Virus-Evolutionary Liner Genetic Programming
    Kenji Tamura, Atsuko Mutoh, Tsuyoshi Nakamura, Hidenori Itoh
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 7 Pages 913-918
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.126.913
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    Many kinds of evolutionary methods have been proposed. GA and GP in particular have been demonstrated its effectiveness in various problems these days, and many systems have been proposed. One is Virus-Evolutionary Genetic Algorithm (VE-GA), and the other is Linear Genetic Programming in C (LGPC). Each of systems is reported its performance. VE-GA is the coevolution system that host individual and virus individuals. That can spread schema effectively among the host individuals by using the virus infection and virus incorporation. LGPC implements the GP by representing the individuals to one dimension as if GA. LGPC can reduce a search cost of pointer and save the machine memory, and can reduce the time to implements GP programs. We proposed that a system introduce virus individuals in LGPC, and the analyzed performance of the system at two problems. Our system can spread schema among the population, and search solution effectively. The results of computer simulation show that this system can search for solution depending on LGPC applying problem's character compare with LGPC. A search cost of pointer
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  • Method of Drawing Up a Road Map that Considers the Synergy Effect for IT Investment
    Tadasuke Nakagawa, Shigeyuki Tani, Masaharu Akatsu, Norihisa Komoda
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 7 Pages 919-925
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.126.919
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    IT governance lacks a comprehensive vision of the investment in two or more projects. It is necessary to decide the priority level that maximizes the effect under the constraint conditions. The problem is complex because while sometimes a greater effect can be obtained by introducing two or more measures at the same time, other times the effect of two measures introduced at the same time might not be significant. Although there is thus a synergy effect when two or more measures are introduced, no method for drawing up an investment-decision road map considered that effect. We therefore developed one. What a decision-maker thinks about when considering the introduction of two or more measures can be visualized by drawing up a comprehensive road map that satisfies constraint conditions such as effectiveness of measure, budget, time, staff size, order of introduction, the synergy effect. Road map users can easily reach a consensus because the map, by taking into account the constraint conditions and the investment decision-making process, helps them logically explain the order in which the measures should be introduced.
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Letter
<Sound and Image Processing and Recognition>
  • An Experiment of Individual Identification of handwriting image by Using two Hough Transforms
    Kenji Terada, Jun Kuniyada
    2006 Volume 126 Issue 7 Pages 926-927
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.126.926
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    In this paper, a method for identifying handwriting image using two Hough transforms is proposed. The Hough transform is known as a technique to detect lines by mapping data points into the parameter space. This proposal method is able to certify individual identification by comparing features on the handwriting image bt utilizing two parameter spaces which are generated by two Hough transforms. In this paper, we describe the algorithm of identifying handwriting image using two Hough transoforms and show some experimental results obtained by using a simple experimental system to verify effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Errata
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