IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems
Online ISSN : 1348-8155
Print ISSN : 0385-4221
ISSN-L : 0385-4221
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Volume 132, Issue 5
Displaying 1-30 of 30 articles from this issue
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Special Issue on “Wireless Communication Technologies Enabling New Industrial Applications”
Preface
Special Issue Review
  • Present and Future of M2M
    Satoru Ono, Takashi Watanabe
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 626-631
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.626
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    In recent years, the rapid progress in the development of hardware and software technologies enables tiny and low cost information devices hereinafter referred to as Machine to be widely available. M2M (Machine to Machine) has been of much attention where many tiny machines are connected to each other through networks with minimal human intervention to provide smooth and intelligent management. M2M is a promising core technology providing timely, flexible, efficient and comprehensive service at low cost. M2M has wide variety of applications including energy management system, environmental monitoring system, intelligent transport system, industrial automation system and other applications. M2M consists of terminals and networks that connect them. In this paper, we mainly focus on M2M networking and mention the future direction of the technology.
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Special Issue Paper
<Electrical and Electronic Circuit, LSI>
  • EMG/ECG Acquisition System with Online Adjustable Parameters Using ZigBee Wireless Technology
    Hiroyuki Kobayashi
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 632-639
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.632
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    This paper deals with a novel wireless bio-signal acquisition system employing ZigBee wireless technology, which consists of mainly two components, that is, intelligent electrode and data acquisition host. The former is the main topic of this paper. It is put on a subject's body to amplify bio-signal such as EMG or ECG and stream its data at upto 2 ksps. One of the most remarkable feature of the intelligent electrode is that it can change its own parameters including both digital and analog ones on-line. The author describes its design first, then introduces a small, light and low cost implementation of the intelligent electrode named as “VAMPIRE-BAT.” And he show some experimental results to confirm its usability and to estimate its practical performances.
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<Information and Communication Technology>
  • Load and Battery Charge oriented Flooding for Broadcast Streaming over Ad Hoc Networks
    Keisuke Utsu, Hiroshi Ishii
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 640-648
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.640
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    This paper considers cases where a specific number of nodes in an ad hoc network broadcast video and audio streams over the entire network, and proposes Load and Battery Charge oriented Flooding (LBF), which reduces degradation in delivery quality, and energy consumption, and prevents nodes from being interrupted due to the complete discharge of their batteries. It also describes an evaluation of the proposed method through network simulation, and confirms its effectiveness.
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  • Remote Energy Monitoring System via Cellular Network
    Shoji Yunoki, Satoshi Tamaki, May Takada, Takashi Iwaki
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 649-655
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.649
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    Recently, improvement on power saving and cost efficiency by monitoring the operation status of various facilities over the network has gained attention. Wireless network, especially cellular network, has advantage in mobility, coverage, and scalability. On the other hand, it has disadvantage of low reliability, due to rapid changes in the available bandwidth. We propose a transmission control scheme based on data priority and instantaneous available bandwidth to realize a highly reliable remote monitoring system via cellular network. We have developed our proposed monitoring system and evaluated the effectiveness of our scheme, and proved it reduces the maximum transmission delay of sensor status to 1/10 compared to best effort transmission.
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  • A Distributed Multi-hop Low Cost Time Synchronization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network developed for Bridge Diagnosis System
    Haitao Xiao, Harutoshi Ogai, Zhehan Ding
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 656-665
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.656
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    Due to the oceanic climate and frequent earthquakes in Japan, bridge health diagnosis is a problem of greater complexity. In bridge diagnosis system, we develop a wireless sensor network to sample and gather the vibration data of bridge. Time synchronization is a crucial component for the wireless sensor network (WSN), because large populations of sensor nodes will collaborate in order to complete the measuring data at the same time, data gathering, data fusion and localization. In the wireless sensor network with large scale of energy limited nodes, multi-hop time synchronization is necessarily applied. To solve above mentioned problem, some protocols such as RBS, TSPN FTPS etc. are proposed. However most of the algorithms mainly focus on the precision of synchronization. In fact energy efficiency is also a challenge in a resource-limited WSN. In this paper an improved time synchronization scheme is proposed with the purpose of reducing energy consumption and lengthening whole WSN'life. Performance analyses, simulations and realization in node hardware of WSN are also presented.
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Special Issue Technical Note
<Information and Communication Technology>
  • Development of Broadband Telecommunication System for Railways using Laser Technology
    Kazuki Nakamura, Shingo Nakagawa, Hiroshi Matsubara, Daisuke Tatsui, K ...
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 666-674
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.666
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    We developed a high-speed telecommunication system applicable to railways, to improve customer service and efficiency of operator's telecommunication between the ground facilities and trains under operations. We manufactured a mobile telecommunication system, capable of recording the transfer rate of 1Gbps in theory by applying the laser beam communication technology. We carried out a field test using trains in active service, and obtained the result of the transfer rate of approximately 700Mbps on the TCP layer between the ground and the train running at a speed of approximately 130km/h.
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  • Progress of Digital Communication Technology
    —Fading Phenomenon and Changes in Compensation Technology—
    Satoshi Yamazaki, David K. Asano
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 675-685
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.675
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    In wireless communications, since transmitted signals are scattered from many objects, many propagation paths with different time delays are formed. When transmitting and receiving while moving in such an environment, received signals will be affected by intricate selective fading in both the frequency and time domains. In this technical note, first, the mechanism of fading phenomena is clarified, changes in previous phase compensation technology are surveyed, and a foundation for digital wireless-communications technology is provided.
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Paper
<Electronic Materials and Devices>
  • Phononic-Crystal Acoustic Lens by Design for Energy-Transmission Devices
    Yusuke Kanno, Kenji Tsuruta, Kazuhiro Fujimori, Hideki Fukano, Shigeji ...
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 686-690
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.686
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    Lens effect of acoustic wave in two-dimensional (2D) phononic crystal is studied by numerical simulation based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. We calculate the phonon band structure of 2D phononic crystals, consisting of metal/ceramic cylinders placed periodically in water. Lens effect is observed for far-field wave in the phononic crystals with two-layered and graded-index structure. We compare the focal intensity and the energy transmission efficiency in these numerical experiments, and show that a novel energy-transmission device can be designed using phononic crystals.
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<Electrical and Electronic Circuit, LSI>
  • Monitoring System of Railway Using Passive RFID in UHF Band
    Hidetoshi Makimura, Kota Watanabe, Hajime Igarashi, Hiroshi Waki
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 691-696
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.691
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    This paper presents a novel temperature measurement system based on passive RFID operating at UHF band for monitoring system of conventional railways. The goal of this study is to realize wireless temperature measurement using UHF-band RFID whose communication distance is several meters under the assumption that the RFID reader/writer (R/W) has 4 W EIRP. A low power temperature measurement circuit, which is vital for the above purpose, has been developed using a thermistor and comparator. The temperature measured by this sensor, ranging from zero to 80 Celsius, is shown to be in good agreement with theoretical value. The consumption power of this circuit is evaluated to be 8 μW by experiment. The sensor circuit is connected to an IC tag, which composed of a meander line antenna, whose shape has been optimized by genetic algorithm, Cockcroft-Walton circuit for booster and rectifier, and PIC for digital control. It is shown that the present wireless sensing system works well when distance between the IC tag and R/W, whose gain is 13 dBi, is set to 1 m and input power to R/W is 1 mW. From this result, the communication distance for 4 W EIRP is roughly estimated to be more than 10 m when neglecting polarization losses and other negative effects.
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<Information and Communication Technology>
  • Dynamic Task Assignment of Autonomous Distributed AGV in an Intelligent FMS Environment
    Muhammad Hafidz Fazli bin Md Fauadi, Hao Wen Lin, Tomohiro Murata
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 697-705
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.697
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    The need of implementing distributed system is growing significantly as it is proven to be effective for organization to be flexible against a highly demanding market. Nevertheless, there are still large technical gaps need to be addressed to gain significant achievement. We propose a distributed architecture to control Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) operation based on multi-agent architecture. System architectures and agents' functions have been designed to support distributed control of AGV. Furthermore, enhanced agent communication protocol has been configured to accommodate dynamic attributes of AGV task assignment procedure. Result proved that the technique successfully provides a better solution.
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<Biomedical Engineering>
  • Comparative Discussion on Psychophysiological Effect of Self-administered Facial Massage by Treatment Method
    Akio Nozawa, Yuya Takei
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 706-712
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.706
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    The aim of study was to quantitatively evaluate the effects of self-administered facial massage, which was done by hand or facial roller. In this study, the psychophysiological effects of facial massage were evaluated. The central nerves system and the autonomic nervous system were administered to evaluate physiological system. The central nerves system was assessed by Electroencephalogram (EEG). The autonomic nervous system were assessed by peripheral skin temperature(PST) and heart rate variability (HRV) with spectral analysis. In the spectral analysis of HRV, the high-frequency components (HF) were evaluated. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Profile of Mood Status (POMS) and subjective sensory amount with Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were administered to evaluate psychological status. These results suggest that kept brain activity and had strong effects on stress alleviation.
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  • A Study on Combination of Reliability-based Automatic Repeat reQuest with Error Potential-based Error Correction for Improving P300 Speller Performance
    Hiromu Takahashi, Tomohiro Yoshikawa, Takeshi Furuhashi
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 713-720
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.713
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    Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are systems that translate one's thoughts into commands to restore control and communication to severely paralyzed people, and also appealing to healthy people. The P300 speller, one of the most renowned BCIs for communication, allows users to select letters just by thoughts. However, due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of the P300, signal averaging is often performed, which improves the spelling accuracy but degrades the spelling speed. The authors have proposed reliability-based automatic repeat request (RB-ARQ) to ease this problem. RB-ARQ could be enhanced when it is combined with the error correction based on the error-related potentials (ErrPs) that occur on erroneous feedbacks. Thus, this study aims to reveal the characteristics of the ErrPs in the P300 speller paradigm, and to combine RB-ARQ with the ErrP-based error correction to further improve the performance. The results show that the ErrPs observed in the current study resemble the previously reported ErrPs observed in a cursor control task using a BCI, and that the performance of the P300 speller could be improved by 35 percent on average.
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<Systems, Instrument, Control>
  • Stabilizing Predictive Visual Feedback Control via Image Space Navigation Function
    Toshiyuki Murao, Hiroyuki Kawai, Masayuki Fujita
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 721-729
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.721
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    This paper investigates stabilizing receding horizon control via an image space navigation function for three-dimensional (3-D) visual feedback systems. Firstly, we describe the representation of a relative rigid body motion and a camera model. Next, the visual motion error system is reconstructed in order to apply to time-varying desired motion. Then, visual motion observer-based stabilizing receding horizon control for 3-D visual feedback systems is proposed. Moreover, a path planner to be appropriate for the visual motion error system is designed through an image space navigation function to keep all features into the camera field of view. The main contribution of this paper is to show that the path planner which always remains in the camera field of view during the servoing is designed for the position-based visual feedback receding horizon control based on optimal control theory. Finally, we present simulation and actual nonlinear experimental results in order to verify control performance with visibility maintenance of the proposed control scheme.
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  • A Design Method for Pole Placement and Observer of Linear Time-Varying Discrete MIMO Systems
    Yasuhiko Mutoh, Tomohiro Hara
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 730-737
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.730
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    It is well known that, the pole placement controller can be designing for linear time-varying systems using the Frobenius canonical form, as for the time invariant case. This paper presents the new approach to the design of the pole placement controller for linear time-varying discrete multivariable systems. The concept of the relative degrees of multivariable system plays an important role, and the time-varying feedback gain can be simply calculated without transforming the system into any canonical form, which is regarded as a discrete Ackerman's method. This method is applied in order to calculate the observer gain for linear time-varying systems.
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  • Highly Precise Rotational Speed Control by a Hybrid of PLL and Repetitive Control
    Hidekazu Machida, Takashi Inoue, Fuminori Kobayashi
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 738-743
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.738
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    PLL speed control system has excellent ‘macroscopic’, or long-term, steadiness. However, ‘microscopic’ speed fluctuation is another important issue. It is called ‘cogging,’ caused by electro-magnetic structural property of motor. Although repetitive control is useful for reducing such fluctuation, stability condition is hard to be satisfied for PLL which inevitably includes integrator. In this article, we propose a D repetitive controller to ease this condition. Rather simple implementation with an FPGA and effective experimental results revealing 60% reduction in fluctuation are shown.
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<Media Information, User Interface>
  • Prototype of a Questionnaire and Quiz System for Supporting Increase of Health Awareness During Wait Time in Dispensing Pharmacy
    Takeshi Toda, Poa-min Chen, Shinya Ozaki, Naoko Ideguchi, Tomoko Miyak ...
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 744-749
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.744
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    For quit-smoking clinic and its campaign, there was a need for pharmacists to investigate pediatric patient's parent consciousness to tobacco harm utilizing wait time in a pediatric dispensing pharmacy. In this research, we developed the questionnaire and quiz total system using the tablet for user interface, in which people can easily answer the questionnaire/quiz and quickly see the total results on the spot in order to enhance their consciousness to the tobacco harm. The system also provides their tobacco dependence level based on the questionnaire results and some advice for their health and dietary habits due to the tobacco dependence level. From a field trial with one hundred four examinees in the pediatric dispensing pharmacy, the user interface was useful compared to conventional questionnaire form. The system could enhance their consciousness to tobacco harm and make their beneficial use of waiting time in dispensing pharmacy. Some interesting suggestions for improvement and new services were also obtained.
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<Speech and Image Processing, Recognition>
  • Skeleton Pruning Based on the Total Bisector Angle of the End Branches
    Le Zhang, Kazuyuki Matsumoto, Motoyuki Suzuki, Kenji Kita
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 750-758
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.750
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    Skeletonization is an important technique for shape representation, but the skeleton's high sensitivity to boundary noise hampers its application to automatic shape matching. In this paper, we propose a linear-time skeleton pruning algorithm based on the total bisector angle of the end branches. The main idea of the proposed algorithm is to iteratively delete the end branches having the smallest total bisector angle. Since the total bisector angle considers both the local and the global skeleton information, the proposed algorithm removes all redundant branches generated by boundary noise and obtains the ideal skeleton. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is highly adaptable, which means that under the same threshold conditions, the pruned skeletons obtained by our proposed algorithm are in accord with human visual perception for most shapes in the MPEG-7 and Tari 56 datasets. Consequently, the pruned skeletons can be applied to automatic shape matching.
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  • Image Thresholding by Improved Convergent Floating Thresholding Method using Extended Control Value
    Kazuki Ueno, Jun'ichi Yamaguchi
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 759-765
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.759
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    In this paper, the authors propose a threshold setting method for binary image. This method consists of two steps which are different threshold calculating algorithm. First step is an improved model of Convergent Floating Thresholding Method, by switching between two control values for updating a tentative threshold. By the step, thresholding of a boundary area of gray level change is performed. Second step is composed of Discriminant Analysis Method and is applied to area of flat on gray level. Feature of the proposed method is to compare gray level with two final tentative thresholds which are obtained using two coefficients as control value. According to the method, it is possible to decrease a thresholding error which occurs in case of low contrast and brightness change. Also a pattern in likeness gray level area can be clarified. The proposed method and the conventional methods were tested, using general scene images of outdoor. The result showed that the proposed method can output good quality binary images relatively and is useful for thresholding of the scene image.
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  • Shape Recognition by Cable Model for Cables of Multiple Types and its Application to Optimal Holding Position
    Yuta Kimura, Hidenori Takauji, Shun'ichi Kaneko
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 766-773
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.766
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    A novel method of shape representation through the cable model is proposed for cables of various types used in many industrial production lines. Principal component analysis is properly utilized in the method for detecting length orientations of objects. Segmentation is a fundamental process which enables to handle complex shaped cables as a train of linearly approximated simple elements. The cable model for shape recognition is represented by calculated segment center vectors and outer edge vectors. Through utilization of the cable model, position of optimal holding for robot arm is estimated. Then, experiments of holding and shape recognition show the availability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
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<Softcomputing, Learning>
  • A Method for Solving Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problems Using Block Shift Operation and Chaotic Neurodynamics
    Toshihiro Tachibana, Masaharu Adachi
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 774-781
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.774
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    An asymmetric traveling salesman problem is one in which the costs for travel between one city and another are not symmetric. In this paper, we propose a method for solving such problems based on chaotic search method. It uses block-city exchange method, block insertion method, and 2-opt exchange as exchanging methods. In the block-city exchange method, we consider several cities as a block, and the whole block is exchanged with other city. In the block insertion method, we consider several cities as a block, and the block is inserted at the specified location. In the proposed method, a switching between two exchange methods is determined by chaotic neurodynamics. In the proposed method, the block-city exchange method uses one of exchange method for any instance. The other exchange method is selected from the 2-opt exchange and block insertion methods according to the standard deviations of the costs city-wise and that of all branches in the instance. The proposed method obtains better or equivalent solutions with the conventional heuristic methods for asymmetric TSPs.
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<Information System, Electronic Commerce>
  • Exploiting Formal Concept Analysis in a Customizing Recommendation for New User and Gray Sheep Problems
    Xiaohui Li, Tomohiro Murata
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 782-789
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.782
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    Recommender systems are becoming an indispensable application and re-shaping the world in e-commerce scopes. This paper reviews the major problems in the existing recommender systems and presents a tracking recommendation approach based on information of user's behavior and two-level property of items. A new recommendation model based the synergistic use of knowledge from repository, which includes user's behavior, and items property was constructed and utilizes the Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) mapping to guide a personalized recommendation for user. We simulate a prototype recommender system that can make the quality recommendation by tracking user's behavior for implementing the proposed approach and testing its performance. Experiments using two datasets show our strategy was more robust against the drawbacks and preponderate over traditional recommendation approaches in cold-start conditions.
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<Information Processing, Software>
  • A General Purpose Connections type CTI Server Based on SIP Protocol and Its Implementation
    Toru Watanabe, Hisao Koizumi
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 790-803
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.790
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    In this paper, we propose a general purpose connections type CTI (Computer Telephony Integration) server that provides various CTI services such as voice logging where the CTI server communicates with IP-PBX using the SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), and accumulates voice packets of external line telephone call flowing between an IP telephone for extension and a VoIP gateway connected to outside line networks. The CTI server realizes CTI services such as voice logging, telephone conference, or IVR (interactive voice response) with accumulating and processing voice packets sampled. Furthermore, the CTI server incorporates a web server function which can provide various CTI services such as a Web telephone directory via a Web browser to PCs, cellular telephones or smart-phones in mobile environments.
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  • Automatic Parameter Tuning of Conventional Piecewise Linear Compression Algorithms and Developed Compression Algorithm
    Yoshikazu Ishii, Kazunobu Morita
    2012 Volume 132 Issue 5 Pages 804-810
    Published: May 01, 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.804
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    We have developed a compression parameter tuning algorithm for the piecewise linear compression algorithms, such as the Boxcar Algorithm, Swinging Door Algorithm and a newly developed compression algorithm. The developed tuning algorithm requires only the targeted compression factor, and it tunes each compression parameter according to the statistical analysis of the first order or the second order differential of the source signal. The test result obtained using simulated signals show better ability to compress the signals with Brownian motion, Gaussian noise and 1/f noise by the developed compression algorithm and the Swinging Door Algorithm compared to the Boxcar Algorithm. Against the real signals, the developed algorithm achieved better compression ability than others especially toward the smoothened signals.
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<Softcomputing, Learning>
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