A simple technique for molecular doping to polymer films, the maskless dye diffusion, is developed. In this method, prepatterned electrodes beneath precoated receiver film are utilized as heaters for activating dye molecules. Upon doping with three types of dye, 1, 1, 4, 4-tetraphenyl-1, 3-butadiene, coumarin 6 and Nile red into poly (N-vinylcarbazole) by the present diffusion method, blue, green and red emissions were obtained. By applying this technique three times on a glass substrate, RGB light-emitting devices were successfully integrated on the glass plate. It is found that the onset voltage of emission does not depend on the type of dye. It is also found that the condition for dye diffusion was independent of dye.

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Poly(2-methoxy, 5-(4-decyloxy-biphenyl-4'-(1, 10-dioxydecane)) p-phenylene vinylene), MDBD-PPV with a long side chain containing alkoxybiphenyl mesogenic unit has been newly synthesized andits electrical and optical properties have been investigated This polymer showed a microscopic texture typical to the liquid-crystalline phase and a sharp X-ray diffraction peak due to the smectic layer structure. The bandgap of MDBD-PPV in the liquid-crystalline phase has been evaluated to be about 2.3 eV. An electroluminescent (EL) device has been fabricated using this liquid-crystalline polymer, MDBD-PPV as an emissive layer and the polarity effect has been observed in emission spectra of this EL device.

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For a rod -plane discharge gap, the mechanism of DC sparkover is studied by the discharge luminent process, the spectroscopic image processing and the measured results of space charge field. It is verified that the pulse laser triggering method is effective to the measurement of space charge field and the observation of discharge luminous transition for glow corona discharges.
A decrease in sparkover voltage with pulse laser irradiation, is decided by the transition from glow corona to streamer corona and the electric field for the heating of transient filamentary glow-channel.

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In order to improve the breakdown properties of low density polyethylene (LDPE), the electrical properties of blend polymers of LDPE and random copolymer of ethylene and propylene (EP) have been investigated at 30°C, 60°C and 90°C. The specimen with a higher. EP content had a higher impulse breakdown strength at 90°C than the specimen with a lower EP content, but there was no obvious difference at 30°C and 60°C However, in the case of DC breakdown, any improvement was not recognized for blend polymers throughout the temperature range from 30°C to 90°C, The morphology of blends was studied by a polarizing microscope and X-ray diffraction, The influences of morphology on breakdown properties were discussed. The morphological change by introduction of EP into LDPE was demonstrated by the decrease in the size of a spherulite, the existence of EP in the inter-spherulitic boundary region and the enhancement of orientation. The improvement of impulse breakdown strength at 90°C was explained on the basis of morphological change.

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The liquid-jet phenomena induced by the electrohydrodynamical (EHD) pumping were investigated in isothermal dielectric liquids without a direct charge injection at a metal/liquid interface. A pseudo-doughnut to plane electrode system was used to generate an EHD liquid-jet, and the properties of liquid-jet were measured using four different dielectric liquids (which are referred to as DBDN, BCRA, Tr-Oil and FS-Oil in this paper). The maximum velocity and pumping pressure achieved were 1.5m/s and 5.5kPa, respectively, at 23kV with about 2.5W of electrical consumption in BCRA. It is considered that this liquidjet is due to the pure conduction pumping. This mechanism is associated with heterocharge layers near the electrodes which are based on the process of dissociation and recombination of the electrolytic species. Furthermore, to obtain a high directivity of the liquid-jet, two special nozzles (which are referred to as normal nozzle and spiral nozzle in this paper) were designed. A highly directed liquid-jet was obtained using the spiral nozzle. In this case, the flow pattern was of a spiral structure. It is considered that this spiral jet is occurred by both the Coanda effect and the nozzle shape (conical hole).

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This paper describes triangular surface charge methods (SCM) using a curved shape function for calculating electric fields in composite dielectrics. In SCM, the boundary condition on dielectric surface is conventionally represented by the point matching of a normal component of electric flux density (Dn), which we call Dp method. We have proposed a method based on the continuity equation of electric flux, which is named Φs method. The electric flux is calculated by numerically integrating Dn, on each corresponding partial area with proper weight functions. When the continuity of the electric potential (V) is also needed, the point matching of V is adopted conventionally (Vp method). We have applied the same integral procedure as Φs method to the continuity condition of V by replacing Dn with V for the kernel of the integral equation, and we obtained a new representation of potential condition (Vs method).
We have computed the electric field for a spherical dielectric under a uniform field. The calculated results show that Φs method improves the accuracy of the field by about two orders compared with the Dp method, and that the Vs method gives accuracy comparable to the Vp method. The proposed techniques attain the accuracy of the electric field at the spherical center almost equal to the accuracy of the total surface area of the simulating sphere.

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This paper proposes an integral equation to describe the stochastic fluctuation of partial discharge (PD) occurrence under sinusoidal voltage stress based on a simple PD model (equivalent circuit model).In the model, the stochastic behavior of PD fluctuation is assumed to arise from the fluctuation of PD delay time after the inception voltage is build up across a discharge gap. For simplicity of calculation, the distribution of delay time is assumed to obey an exponential distribution and the average delay time is simply depending on the over-voltage across the discharge gap in a form of an exponential function. Based on these assumptions, the authors solved the equation with numerical method and showed several φ-n distribution patterns with the average delay time of 0.05 to 5 msec under low applied voltage conditions in which only one PD pulse can occur in a half a. c. voltage cycle.

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We have already reported on reconstructions of symmetrical and nonsymmmetrical electric field vectordistribution using Kerr electrooptic effect and our unique reconstruction method modified computed tomography technique. This reconstruction technique gives electric field map, i. e., the strength and the directionof electric field vector, on any plane. For the reconstruction of one field vector distribution, it was necessaryto measure light intensity twice with changing the optical axis of optical wedges. Moreover, the intensitymeasurement must be carried out at many points around the electrode system. Therefore it took considerabletime to measure an electric field distribution. So, we developed a simultaneous three-direction optical measurement system with three optical systems combined the two-beam method. Using the new measurement system, we measured the electric field distribution on planes in a sphere-to-sphere electrode system. It tookabout 0.1 seconds to measure the light intensity data for the reconstruction.

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Heat and particle flux control is one of the most important and difficult problems in steady state fusion devices. Dynamic Ergodic Divertor (DED) is the advanced concept that a rotational perturbed magnetic field is applied to make tokamak edge magnetic structure stochastic so that it may decrease the heat and particle flux onto the local target in the conventional divertor. This rotational perturbed field is created by two sets of local helical coils (LHC) with the phase difference of 90 degrees in supplied AC currents. For the DED experiment, it is important to know the perturbed magnetic field structure due to this coil currents. We obtain the mode structure of the rotating helical field using a new Fourier analysis so that we may improve the mode quality by employing a new coil configuration which has an addtional series of return windings so as to avoid unnecessary mode and decrease the coil self-inductance.

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Some rare gases such as Ar, Kr and Xe have a Ramsauer minimum in their momentum transfer cross sections. It has been known that the electron energy distribution (EED) in these gases at a low electric field shows occasionally a double peak structure. This paper presents the results of the calculation by Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) on the mechanism of the double peak structure of EED in Ar. The calculations are performed at 100 Torr in gas pressure and 10cm in gap length between plane parallel electrodes. The double peak structure of the EED is observed in the region of electron mean energy corresponding to the Ramsauer minimum. Because the electron escaped from the momentum transfer collision by the Ramsauer -Townsnd effect, the EED hardly reach the equilibrium with the repeated flight of electron around the Ramsauer minimum. The electron mean energy is not constant spatially in the region. It is concluded that the double peak structure of EED is only observed as a transient process which tends to the stationary EED depending only on E/N.

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Loss processes of the metastable nitrogen molecules in the low pressure region have been investigated using the one dimensional diffusion equation analysis which was taken account of the reflection phenomenon at the boundary.
The theoretical treatment of the diffusion equation is expanded to the three dimensional space. The variation of the density distribution of the metastable molecules N2(A3∑u+) are calculated from the solution of the diffusion equation which is solved under the different reflection coefficients at each of electrodes and at the cylindrical wall. This paper describes the influence of the density distribution by the reflection phenomena of N2(A3∑u+). Furthermore, the influence of the effective lifetime metastable molecules is reported under different reflection coefficients of the diffusing metastable molecules.

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Lanthanum chromium oxide (LaCrO₃) has the excellent high temperature properties. LaCrO₃ doped alkaline earth metal also has the high electric conductivity. The purpose of this study is to fabricate thin film heaters using LaCrO₃ doped Ca by RF magnetron sputtering method. Crystal structure of thin films was evaluated and a surface form was studied. Results show that thin films deposited on Si(100) single crystal and quartz glass substrate in Ar gas had strong orientation and its surface form was comparatively smooth. Crystal structure of the thin film deposited on Si(100) and quartz glass substrate at temperature 700°C and 800°C by sputtering in mixture of Ar and O2 gases was the same as the crystal structure of LaCrO₃. Heating characteristic of a thin film heater on Si(100) substrate with Pt electrodes was evaluated by the measurements of equilibrium temperature-current (T-I) and resistance-equilibrium temperature (R-T) characteristics. The maximum equilibrium heating temperature was about 1100°C.

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The purpose of study is to clarify 1) the acceleration effect of SO₂ gas on the generation of migration, and 2) the generation mechanism of migration under the SO₂ gas environment. The experiments were carried out using the circuit board set in the cycle testing tank controlling temperature and humidity. The voltage applied to the test wirings was 50 V. SO₂ gas concentrations were 0, 0.3, 12 and 85 ppm. Distances between wirings were 0.16, 0.4, 1, 2.5 and 6.3 mm. The one cycle of the cycle testing was first (5°C, 60%RH, 20 min.) and second (25°C, 90%RH, 20 min.). The results show that the progress of the migration in SO₂ gas environment is accelerated by changing the water absorbed on the surface between wirings into acid water caused by SO2 gas and migration with wirings of 6.3 mm distance was observed.

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In this paper, we propose a method for detecting cracks non-destructively by measuring the magnetic field around a distribution line. We report experimental and calculated results for the magnetic flux density around the distribution line, and consider the characteristics of the magnetic field distribution around the line. We introduce the parameter ΔLm that varies with the existence of cracks. We present an algorithm with the parameter ΔLm for detecting the cracks. We consider the characteristics of the parameter ΔLm with respect to the way to pair the sensors, the number of the sensors, the current, the radius of the circle formed with the sensors, the depth of the crack and the error of the measurement on the sensors. We confirmed the probability of the non-destructive detection of cracks in a distribution line and discovered the optimum way to pair the sensors and the optimum number of the sensors.

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