The modern medical science has developed from two different sources. One of them is the acient medicine which was fostered in various cultures of the ancient world. Most of its logical structure is repulsed by modern science and only a few of them is surviving. On the other hand, such techniques as acupuncture are still accepted as effective, in spite of the fact that its therapeutic process is accessible to the medical scientists. Another source is the natural science itself. The medical science developed in parallel with the advance of the science as a whole.
The medical science is constituted of three elements: fundamental, clinical and social medicine. The main objectives of the fundamental medicine are morphology and function of the human body. The more basic ones are anatomy, biochemistry and physiology, and the more applied fields are pathology and pharmacology. Some parts of biology, microbiology and medical zoology, are also the ingredients of the fundamental medicine. Some fields of the fundamental medicine are the borders between medicine and other basic sciences such as electronics, cellular chemistry and phonetics.
The clinical medicine is usually classified into medicine and surgery. Internal medicine, pediatrics, dermatology and psychiatry are grouped as medical, and surgery, orthopedics, gynecology, urology, ophthalmology and oral surgery are classified as surgerical.
The social medicine is consisted of hygiene, public health and forensic medicine. All of them are social in a sense that the former two are connected with health administration and the latter with judicial administration. Broadly speaking hygiene and public health are identical parts of the science, and they are divided into environmental hygiene, epidemiology, industrial health, community health, maternity and children health, mental health and so on.
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