The present study considered a fuzzy natural color system (NCS) in which triangular pyramid membership functions are constructed on the NCS color triangle. This system can process a fuzzy input to an NCS and output to a center of gravity of three weights associated with respective grades. Triangular membership functions are applied to the hue, and triangular pyramid membership functions are applied to the NCS color triangle relationship. By treating three membership functions of blackness, whiteness, and chromaticness on the NCS color triangle, a target color as a center of gravity of the output fuzzy set can be easily obtained. I will show herein the difference between crisp inputs and fuzzy inputs.

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We quantitatively analyzed digital plethysmograms in 4 healthy groups (34 Japanese males, 37 Japanese females, 60 Chinese males, 48 Chinese females). Resting pulse waves at the 2nd fingertip were measured for 180 seconds (32Hz). The mean, the coefficient of variance, and the Lyapunov exponent as a chaos analysis method were calculated, and quantitative characteristics were evaluated. In addition, the applicability of digital plethysmography to the measurement of stress states was evaluated in healthy subjects. Mental arithmetic calculation was used as stress, and the mean, coefficient of variance, and the Lyapunov exponent were calculated during rest, stress loading, and re-rest. The coefficient of variance was significantly lower during stress loading than during rest while the Lyapunov exponent was significantly higher during stress loading.

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Most R&D organizations or institutions base performance appraisal either on self-measurement or subjective judgment. R&D organizations are usually comprised of a system of divisions, each with distinct research programs aimed at an assortment of industries and customers. This mix accounts for the lack of a common model or mechanism of appraisal to help management teams in either meeting institutional goals or enhancing R&D performance. The purpose of this study is to use an AHP method to identify the key factors for appraising the performance of an R&D organization, in this case the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) of Taiwan. The appraisal features two distinct stages. The first employs a questionnaire to seek views of a broad sampling of senior directors, engineers, scientists and administrators in the organization. The returns are then sifted by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to identify and assign weights to key factors. The second stage combines a questionnaire with an interview. By this procedure, the factors that this institute uses to appraise performance-particularly in respect to applied research activities-are identified and weighted accordingly.

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In this study, we describe a subjective evaluation model with the Choquet integral and examine the model structure. Measures derived from human subjectivity do not usually possess additivity, and thus, the fuzzy measures requiring monotonicity instead of additivity can be treated as subjective measures of the person evaluating an object. These values are more or less subjective in medical diagnostic imaging, even though images have no ambiguity and their items are strictly quantified. In the present study, we constructed a Choquet integral model with λ-fuzzy measures that uses input-output data obtained from a physician in order to distinguish a gastric ulcer from a gastric carcinoma. The model parameters were optimised using a method that involves a genetic algorithm. As a result, the items with high importance degrees in the model were consistent with the items estimated by the physician with high importance degrees.

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