New Stochastic Inclined Rods Model(DS-SIRM)is proposed for understanding the movement of actin-myosin system in muscle. DS-SIRM has many inclined rods stood out from its body like myosin, and it moves always forward to one direction whenever those rods are independently vibratin. DS-SIRM can convert the thermal noise to the one directional motion by using stochastic resonance and inclined rods in random open fields. We estimated concretely the physical characteristics of DS-SIRM as a conceptual model of actin-myosin system. If SIRM have the radius r = 5nm and mass 10^-21kg like a myosin molecule, the estimated frequency of stochastic resonance which is nearly phonon frequency 10^11 rad /s. The amplitude of stochastic resonance is 2×10^-11 m. Moreover, physical work of this machine is about 10^-18 joules, which is nearly equal to the energy of 1ATP hydrolysis, and output is 10^-10 N/head. As a conclusion, we pointed out that actin myosin system in muscle utilized the random motion of water molecules for its movement.

View full abstract

Maximum expiratory flow-volume(MEFV)curve convey vital information about the condition of respiratory system and can be used for assessing the degree of lung function impairment. A novel method of diagnosis of respiratory system based on model parameters extracted from the MEFV curve is presented in this paper. The model is established using the lung pressure-volume relationship, and the dependence of airway resistance on lung volume and airflow. Genetic algorithm based optimisation technique was implemented to determine the model parameters which best match the MEFV curves. The parameters were determined for normal subjects as well as patients having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). MEFV curves recorded from the subjects are compared with the waveforms obtained using the simulated model and they show a close fit. Usefulness of the model parameters is examined using artificial neural network with the modelparameters as inputs and the condition of the subjects, normal or having any of the respiratory diseases, as outputs. Backpropagation algorithm incorporating Levenbury-Marquardt optimisation technique was used for training the neural network The trained neural network was verified using test data and it was observed that the proposed technique provides high percentage success in diagnosis.

View full abstract

The present study considered the evaluation of a fuzzy system in which vague colors can be expressed in words (usually adjectives). For a system evaluation, vague colors for 5 principal hues, 124 boundary points among neighboring JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) modifiers are used. Three candidate modifiers within each grade indicate vague colors. In our previous study, specific conical membership functions were considered achromatic colors, with accompanying vagueness. However, this is incorrect in color specification. Therefore, in the improved color-naming system, vagueness of conical membership functions corresponds to fuzzy sets of achromatic color names with hue modifiers (e.g.reddish white). If the saturation s is equal to zero, triangular membership functions, some parts of conical membership functions correspond to achromatic colors. The improved system shows high performance in terms of percentage of correct outputs for vague colors. The percentages of the 1^st and 2^nd candidate modifiers represent increases of about 20%, but the percentage for the 3^rd modifier represents almost no change.

View full abstract

We examine how a seven-color cyclic sequence affects human color impression. In order to investigate the different effects of two sequences, we consider a hexagonal diagram that is a projection of RGB color space from white to black The hexagonal diagram corresponds roughly to the hue circle indicated by both hue and saturation in the HLS system. If i) the projected route is approximately the minimum, ii) each saturation is large, and iii) neighboring colors are not too close each other, the projected route area is assumed to be large. In other words, the projected route area indicates the magnitude of naturalness (as in rainbows) for color sequences. The minimum sequence is similar to the order of colors in rainbows. On the other hand, the non-minimum sequence is completely different. Although the seven colors used in the present study are not distributed as in rainbows, and the seven-color cyclic sequences are not continuous sequences having gradation, we propose a human color impression model using the projected route area indicated by both hue and saturation. In the proposed model, the subject has natural impressions when the route area is large and unnatural impressions when the route area is small.

View full abstract