International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences
Online ISSN : 2185-4254
Print ISSN : 1347-9733
ISSN-L : 1347-9733
10 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の23件中1~23を表示しています
Original Articles
  • Meng Li, Kunihiko Shimizu
    2012 年 10 巻 4 号 p. 221-228
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Non-syndromic cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP) or without cleft palate (CL), is a common human craniofacial birth defect. CLP and CL are generally very rare in inbred strains of mice, but relatively high frequencies are observed in the “A” strains. We, therefore, chose A/WySn mouse as animal model for our study. Through genetic crosses, 62 N2 embryos with cleft lip and cleft palate (CLP) and 14 N2 embryos with cleft lip (CL) were found in 4,340 live implantations. Penetrance analysis indicated that the occurrence of CLP, CL and cleft palate (CP) were influenced by maternal environmental effects during pregnancy. Mapping data indicated candidate genes for CLP on chromosomes 11 (flanked by D11Mit288 and D11Mit334) and 13 (flanked by D13Mit179 and D13Mit159), and candidate genes for CL on chromosomes 13 (flanked by D13Mit179 and D13Mit231) and 9 (flanked by D9Mit24 and D9Mit212) in the A/WySn mouse strain.
  • Jotaro Ohmori, Tonami Ikuta, Noboru Kuboyama, Yoshimitsu Abiko
    2012 年 10 巻 4 号 p. 229-234
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Oral epithelial cells significantly influence host inflammatory responses against Candida albicans. Pro-inflammatory cytokines function as an early innate immune system mediator during C. albicans infection in oral epithelial cells. The presence of yeasts in periodontal pockets is well known and C. albicans is the species most commonly isolated from the oral cavity. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing the human gingival epithelial cells to C. albicans infection, human gingival epithelial cells (HGE) were primarily cultured and infected with C. albicans ATCC90029. Total RNA was extracted from HGE after 8 hrs of infection and monitored mRNA levels using Affymetrix GeneChip (Human Genome U133 plus 2.0 Array, 48,000 genes). GeneChip data was analyzed by GeneSpring software. The mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met), showed a greater than 2-fold change in expression relative to those in control cells. In contrast, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) showed an absent of gene expression in HGF. Altered mRNA levels of c-Met in GeneChip analysis were confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time RT-PCR. Stronger immunoreactivity against c-Met was observed in the infection with C. albicans by using an in vivo rat animal model. These findings suggest that the enhanced c-Met expression is involved in the growth of gingival epithelial cells in response to C. albicans.
  • Masaaki Waga
    2012 年 10 巻 4 号 p. 235-240
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Enterococcus faecalis is a commonly found species in root canals. The study aim was to develop a new selective medium for the genus Enterococcus and clarify the distribution of the species in the oral cavity and to determine whether these enterococci were of endogenous or exogenous origin. The recovery rates of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium on a new selective medium were 89.3% and 88.5%, respectively. Dominant oral bacteria such as streptococci and neisseria did not grow on the medium. Enterococcus was detected from 5 in 12 subjects (ca. 42%) with low levels of 3 to 50 cfu/ml in their brushing samples. Only E. faecalis was detected in their samples, while E. faecium was not found. Genetic analysis using AP-PCR showed that the isolates from the oral cavity were not related to those from the fecal microflora. A few months after the first investigation, E. faecalis was confirmed to be maintained in the individual oral cavities of the same subjects by genetic analysis. The results indicated that E. faecalis isolated from the oral cavity was not derived from the subjects own normal microflora.
  • Tomomi Hashizume, Noriko Shinozaki-Kuwahara, Tomoko Kurita-Ochiai, Mas ...
    2012 年 10 巻 4 号 p. 241-246
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Glucosyltransferase B (GTF-B) secreted from Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is considered to be the most important virulence factor of cariogenic biofilm formation for its high enzymatic activity in the synthesis of water-insoluble glucans. The quantity of GTF-B protein in the saliva or plaque is readily measurable for the estimation of caries risk in an individual. However, previous reports have indicated that GTF-B-secreting ability varies among S. mutans strains harbored by subjects. In this study, we examined the correlation among the quantity of GTF-B protein, the quantity of S. mutans, and the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index in oral samples. Our results showed a clear positive correlation between GTF-B quantity and S. mutans quantity in oral samples. Furthermore, a brushing-plaque sample was more useful than a stimulated saliva sample for the estimation of caries risk. In addition, in the brushing-plaque samples, the caries-susceptible group was infected with S. mutans strains that had a higher ability to secrete GTF-B enzyme than those of the caries-free and low-level caries groups. These results suggested that GTF-B-producing ability differed among individuals and the risk of caries predicted from the amount of GTF-B seemed to be proportional to the DMFT index. Taken together, the quantity of GTF-B protein is useful for the estimation of caries risk.
  • Yoshihiro Yamaguchi, Takashi Nariyasu, Noriko Hayashi, Ryo Nakajima, S ...
    2012 年 10 巻 4 号 p. 247-254
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Objectives : Root resorption is an unwanted effect of orthodontic tooth movement. An analysis of the cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a potentially safer method of quantifying root resorption compared with conventional radiographic methods. This study aimed to quantify the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and 17 (IL-17), released into the GCF during physiological root resorption and orthodontic tooth movement.
    Materials and Methods : Subjects with severe root resorption (>1/3 of the original root length) were identified. A control group comprising subjects with no loss of the root structure or undergoing orthodontic treatment was also identified. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected non-invasively from the mesial and distal sides of each of the four upper incisors by using filter paper strips. The eluted GCF was used for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a Western blot analysis. The antibodies used were specific for IL-6 and IL-17.
    Results : The ELISA results with IL-6 and IL-17 antibodies showed statistically significant differences between the control group and the root resorption group. The Western blot analysis showed differential expression of IL-6 and IL-17 in the control and root resorption subjects.
    Conclusions : These results confirm the presence of cytokines in the GCF of root resorbed subjects. The results highlight the potential for measuring IL-6 and IL-17 in the GCF as a biomarker to monitor root resorption.
  • Yuan Du, Tomomi Hashizume, Tomoko Kurita-Ochiai, Yoshimitsu Abiko, Tak ...
    2012 年 10 巻 4 号 p. 255-260
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Our previous study demonstrated that nasal immunization with the fusion protein of the 25-kDa antigenic hemagglutinin A antigenic region and maltose-binding protein (25k-hagA-MBP) elicited high levels of 25k-hagA-specific antibody responses in both systemic and oral mucosal areas. In this study, we further elucidated the immunogenicity of 25k-hagA-MBP using Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 gene-deficient (TLR4-/-) mice. When CD4+ T cells isolated from the spleen and cervical lymph nodes (CLN) of 25k-hagA-MBP-stimulated TLR4+/+ mice were restimulated with 25k-hagA in vitro, significant proliferative responses were induced. In contrast, only low levels of CD4+ T cell proliferation were induced in restimulated cells isolated from TLR4-/- mice. Analysis of cytokine responses showed that nasal administration of 25k-hagA-MBP to TLR4+/+ mice produced significant levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in cells from the spleen and CLN. However, these cytokine responses were marginal in TLR4-/- mice nasally immunized with 25k-hagA-MBP. These results suggest that nasal immunization with 25k-hagA-MBP induces 25k-hagA-specific CD4+ T cells via a TLR4-dependent pathway.
  • Yusuke Sasaki
    2012 年 10 巻 4 号 p. 261-265
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Few studies have concerned the absolute apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the normal mandibular bone marrow on diffusion-weighed images. Purpose of this study was to determine the average of ADC values in the region of the normal mandibular bone marrow and to establish reference values of the absolute ADC values for further studies. Subjects (7 men and 13 women) with normal mandible were chosen ; age 20-69 years old (mean, 34.7). All subjects were examined with MR imaging, including panoramic radiographs and diffusion-weighted imaging with two b-values (0 and 1,000 s/mm2) at 1.5 T. ADC values were determined in regions of mandibular bone marrow from lower first premolar to lower second molar without mandibular canal and tooth roots. ADC values were mean in 0.972×10-3 mm2/s, highest in 1.24×10-3 mm2/s, and lowest in 0.779×10-3 mm2/s. The ADC values can be used for reference in future studies and in clinical settings.
  • Masaaki Shimada, Noboru Kuboyama, Yoshimitsu Abiko
    2012 年 10 巻 4 号 p. 266-275
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory joint disorder, whose progression leads to the destruction of cartilage and bone. Low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) is currently being evaluated for the treatment of RA ; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its effectiveness remain unclear. To understand the anti-inflammatory effect of LLLI, we used the collagen-induced RA rat (CIA) model, and analyzed the gene expression profile in synovial membrane in knee joints. Total RNA was isolated from the synovial membrane tissue of CIA rat joints or CIA joints treated with LLLI (830 nm Ga-Al-As diode laser), and gene expression profiles were analyzed by DNA microarray (41,000 rat genes) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis system (IPA). The mRNA levels were confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR. Proteins expression was also carried out by immunohistochemistry. DNA microarray and IPA network/canonical pathway analysis showed that matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) signaling was involved, among MMPs, MMP3 gene expression was increased in CIA tissue, and LLLI significantly decreased the gene expressio. The DNA microarray data of these mRNA levels were further validated and confirmed using RT-PCR and real-time PCR. Immunohistochemical study also demonstrated the reduction of MMP2 protein level by LLLI. Since MMP3 These findings suggest that inhibitory effect of MMP3 expression may be a part of decreased CXCL1 and ICAM1-1 expressions may be a part of the mechanisms in LLLI-mediated reduction of RA inflammation.
  • Ryuichiro Takazawa, Akira Usui
    2012 年 10 巻 4 号 p. 276-290
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Posterior cross bite in the deciduous dentition stage is unlikely to heal on its own even as the jaw grows. If left untreated, it could continue through to the mixed dentition stage and permanent dentition stage, cause facial asymmetry and invite temporomandibular joint dysfunction as well as modify the dental arch. Early treatment of subjects with deciduous dentition stage posterior cross bite is considered necessary, however the cause of the cross bite, craniofacial morphological characteristics and the position of individual teeth and tooth axes are still not fully understood and a consensus between experts on the ties between diagnosis and treatment is not necessarily seen. In this study we focused on the molar group tooth axes and analyzed models of 15 children with cross bite and models of children with healthy occlusion, compared the relationship between dental arch and tooth axis and examined palatal morphology and postero anterior cephalogram with the purpose of clarifying the aspect of posterior cross bite in the deciduous dentition stage. Results were as follows. In dental arch size measurement, there was a trend of the distance between each measurement being larger in the cross bite side of the cross bite group than the non-cross bite side. When compared with the control group, the distance in both the cross bite side and non-cross bite side of the cross bite group was significantly smaller. In maxillary and mandibular deciduous molar tooth axis measurement, no significant differences were observed in the maxillary and mandibular first and second deciduous molar tooth axis measurements between the cross bite group and the control group. In measurement of the angle between the maxillary and mandibular molar tooth axes (lingual), no significant differences were observed in the angle between the maxillary and mandibular first deciduous molar tooth axes and the angle between the maxillary and mandibular second deciduous molar tooth axes between the cross bite group and the control group. In palatal surface distance measurement, although there was no significant difference between the cross bite side and non-cross bite side of the cross bite group, the measurement of the control group was significantly higher than both the cross bite side and non-cross bite side of the cross bite group. In analysis by postero anterior cephalogram, no significant difference in maxillary and mandibular right and left jaw width and posterior symmetry was seen between the cross bite side and non-cross bite side of the cross bite group. The midline of the tooth deviated by 2.40 mm and the midline of the maxillary and mandibular jaw deviated by 3.25° on the cross bite side in the cross bite group.
  • Tomoharu Kurita, Kensuke Matsune
    2012 年 10 巻 4 号 p. 291-300
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Kabuki syndrome (KS) was first described independently in 1981 by Niikawa et al. and Kuroki et al., and was then defined in detail by Niikawa et al, who performed clinical, genetic, and epidemiological studies. Oral anomalies are common in KS (over 60%) and include abnormal dentition, widely spaced teeth, cleft palate or lip, high palate, hypodontia, conical incisors, screw driver-shaped incisors and ectopic upper 6-year molars. To assist in diagnosis of KS, the detailed character of molars and palatal vaults of 5 KS patients, who were the same patients Matsune reported on, were examined. The area and circumstance length of occlusal view and table view of permanent molars in the KS group were smaller than the molars of the healthy control group. The ratios of occlusal view areas to occlusal table areas of permanent molars in the KS group were significantly smaller than control group molars, but on the other hand no difference was seen in primary molars. All contour line lengths of occlusal view and occlusal table in permanent molars of KS group were significantly smaller than those in the control group, however, no significant differences were found in primary molars between the KS and control group. The pattern of the occlusal view was hexangular or round, and the occlusal table was almost quadrangular or hexangular in permanent molars in the KS and control group, respectively. No strong significant difference was found in the size of the palatal vault between the KS group and the control group. The characteristics difference between two groups was clarified that the shapes of palatal vault at the canine and first molar regions were of a V and U character in the KS and control group, respectively. These detailed molar and palatal vault characteristics of the KS group will help the identification of KS patients as an added clinical diagnosis.
  • Hidefumi Terada, Kensuke Matsune
    2012 年 10 巻 4 号 p. 301-310
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is characterized by clinical manifestations of severe hypodontia or anodontia, hypotrichosis, hypohidrosis, and a specific facial appearance, which is essentially a congenital malformation in pediatric dentistry. A small mid-face and maxilla and narrow palate, normal physiological tooth crown age and root developmental stage, and hypodontia and small permanent teeth were statistically clarified based on the lateral cephalograms and dental plaster casts of the four child patients with ED in this study, however, the sizes of their primary molars were within normal limits. The labial closure force of the four ED patients was similar to that of the healthy controls at 10 to 12 years old. The biting force in ED was significantly lower than control. Besides the salivary flow in the ED patients was significantly lower in comparison to the control groups. Based on these results, pedodontists have to pay attention to craniofacial pattern and size, especially maxilla size, and oral conditions of hypodontia such as the, shape of palatal vault in order to construct a good prosthesis and provide appropriate care to ED patients. As the labial force, biting force and concaved palatal vault shape of the ED patients aged over 10 years were normal compared with healthy controls, it was suggested feeding and the wearing of a partial denture were not severe problems with regards to low salivary flow.
  • Shuang Wu, Hidenori Yamaguchi, Koh Shibutani
    2012 年 10 巻 4 号 p. 311-317
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    We determined current perception thresholds (CPT) for arm and mental foramen areas for quantitative evaluations of the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) treatment at acupoints. This study of the relationship between frequency and time of stimulation had demonstrated TENS-induced sensory inhibition. Eleven subjects (6 male and 5 female) volunteered to be administered TENS for sessions of varying duration (5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes) and stimulation frequencies (2 Hz and 100 Hz) at the Hegu (LI4) acupoint. We assessed CPTs for the left arm and mental foramen areas before and after TENS at the Hegu (LI4) acupoint of the left hand. Neurometer CPT was used to evaluate perception thresholds at the homolateral mental foramen and arm. The application of low-frequency and high-frequency TENS on the Hegu (LI4) and Quchi (LI11) acupoints raised the perception threshold of the left mental foramen. We assessed the relationship between these effects and TENS stimulation frequencies and treatment duration. We found that applying TENS to the Hegu (LI4) and Quchi (LI11) acupoints increased CPT values in the mental foramen area. Low-frequency TENS inhibited slow pain response, while high-frequency TENS inhibited both fast and slow pain response. The effects of TENS showed greater frequency dependence than time dependence.
  • Hiroshi Aono
    2012 年 10 巻 4 号 p. 318-329
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Clarification regarding the presence of muscle spindles (MS) in the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) is important for understanding jaw function. Animal studies to date have revealed inconsistent findings and little research has been conducted on human LPM specimens. In the present study, LPM specimens from two adult human donors were investigated to determine the presence of MS. After fixation, specimens were separated into superior and inferior head sections and embedded in paraffin. Slices of 12 and 8 μm were prepared and every 10th slice was stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Slides were observed consecutively under an optical microscope in order to view entire spindles. Muscle spindle markers comprised distinct spindle capsules and sites thought to be intrafusal muscle fibers within the muscle. Immunostaining with anti-S-100 antibodies in the equatorial region was also performed to identify MS. In specimens from both donors, multiple MS covered by connective tissue were observed in the inferior head of the LPM, and on immunostaining, muscle spindle nerve endings were observed extending into the equatorial region. These results confirm the presence of MS in the inferior head of the LPM.
  • Toyoshige Tsutsumi
    2012 年 10 巻 4 号 p. 330-335
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of contrast medium incorporated in a radiopaque implant template for gingival form using computed tomography (CT). Trays were prepared with vacuum acrylic shells using casts of the gingival region of porcine mandible. Barium sulfate was then mixed with silicone impression material as a radiopaque material. The concentrations of barium sulfate were 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 vol%. The CT template were replaced the porcine mandibule and was fixed by immersion in a water vessel using a phantom before cone beam CT examination. Cross-sectional images evaluated at different barium sulfate concentrations were obtained from the same part. During assessment, the images were visually evaluated using the two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) method, during which, each of 6 radiologists made an individual assessment. Statistical analysis of the results recorded by the 6 radiologists was performed. Their assessment involved allocating a score to each barium sulfate concentration image ; the 5 vol% and 10 vol% concentration images subsequently recorded the highest scores. In particular, cross-sectional images of 5 vol% barium sulfate scored higher than those of all other concentrations. CT templates comprising silicone impression materials containing 5 vol% barium sulfate were easy to use with regard to precise visualization of gingival form. The present study suggests that CT templates comprising silicone impression material containing 5 vol% barium sulfate provide useful information in the assessment of soft tissue structures such as the gingiva prior to implant treatment.
  • Yan Sun, Kayo Kuyama, Arne Burkhardt, Hirotsugu Yamamoto
    2012 年 10 巻 4 号 p. 336-343
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    An immunohistochemical study of oral carcinoma cuniculatum (CC) was performed to clarify the factors that contribute to the unique cuniculatum architecture. Sixteen lingual specimens, consisting of six CC, six conventional squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and four verrucous carcinoma (VC), were studied. From the immunohistochemical findings, cytokeratin 10 and cytokeratin 13 showed greater positive expression in the prickle layer of CC than conventional SCC and VC. Gene-related p53, Ki-67, and p63 revealed low immunopositive rates in CC and high positive rates in the basal layer of conventional SCC and VC. These results suggested that the tumor cells of CC were well-differentiated with low proliferative activity. Regarding cell-cell adhesion molecules, laminin 5γ2 was revealed strongly in the basal layer of CC, with thinner and discontinuous distribution in conventional SCC. Although E-cadherin was negative or weakly positive in conventional SCC and VC, it was remarkable in the prickle and basal layers of CC compared with the other two lesions. It was supposed that cell-cell adhesion molecules participate in the construction of the unique architecture of CC. From these results and a review of the literature, independent branching crypts such as the rabbit caves of CC could be formed by the restriction of invasiveness and migration by the comparatively firm cell-cell linkage and low proliferative activity of tumor cells.
  • Toshiaki Aoki, Kayo Kuyama, Yan Sun
    2012 年 10 巻 4 号 p. 344-352
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    A histopathological and immunohistochemical study was conducted to elucidate the changes in cell-cell interactions and important related factors in oral precursor lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Gingivae from 36 cases (5 healthy epithelium, 7 hyperkeratosis, 7 mild dysplasia, 7 moderate dysplasia, 5 severe dysplasia, and 5 OSCC) were examined. From immunohistochemical analysis, the positive distribution of E-cadherin was observed as pericellular meshes that strongly appeared in the upper spinosum layer in moderate dysplasia, decreased in severe dysplasia, and disappeared in OSCC. Integrin α6 gradually expanded to all spinosum layers with the advance of dysplastic grading. Weakly irregular distribution was observed in all tumor cells of OSCC. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was shown in the spinosum layer of mild dysplasia, expanded with the advance of dysplastic grading, and was seen in all tumor cells in OSCC. Anti-lysyl oxidase (LOX) gradually increased with the advance of dysplastic grading. Perlecan showed similar results to LOX except that was decreased in OSCC. Briefly, the loss of E-cadherin in the lower half of the spinosum layer, integrin α6 in the spinosum layer with lost polarity, and the appearance of EGFR in the basal layer were observed in moderate dysplasia. Furthermore, LOX and perlecan distributions were frequently found in high-grade dysplastic lesions. The present study of oral precursor lesions found that instability or decreased cell adhesion related to the environment was observed in moderate dysplasia and higher grades of dysplasia. Consequently, it was supposed that moderate dysplasia was the stage at which lesions became tumorous.
  • Satoshi Yuzawa, Tomomi Hashizume, Ryoki Kobayashi, Tomoko Kurita-Ochia ...
    2012 年 10 巻 4 号 p. 353-361
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the vaccine using the glucan-producing enzymes glucosyltransferase-B (GTF-B) produced by Streptococcus mutans as antigen and glucosyltransferase-I (GTF-I) produced by Streptococcus sobrinus as adjuvant for protection against dental caries. Nasal immunization with GTF-B plus GTF-I enhanced significant levels of GTF-B-specific secretory IgA antibody in saliva as well as IgG and IgA in serum, which were equivalent to those of mice immunized with GTF-B plus CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) 1826. Antibody-forming cell (AFC) analysis revealed high numbers of GTF-B-specific IgA AFCs in salivary glands, nasal passages, and spleen in mice immunized with GTF-B plus GTF-I. IgG subclass detection showed that administration of GTF-B plus GTF-I mainly induced IgG1 production followed by IgG2a and IgG2b. Serum IgG purified from mice given GTF-B plus GTF-I inhibited biofilm formation by S. mutans. These results suggest that nasal immunization with GTF-B plus GTF-I elicits efficient protective mucosal immune responses against S. mutans infection.
  • Asuka Fukasawa, Tomoko Kurita-Ochiai, Tomomi Hashizume, Ryoki Kobayash ...
    2012 年 10 巻 4 号 p. 362-371
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Recent epidemiological studies have shown that an association exists between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. We have previously reported that long-term Porphyromonas gingivalis-challenge accelerated atherosclerosis in normal C57/BL6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). In this study, we assessed the potential of a nasal vaccine for the prevention of atherosclerosis promoted by P. gingivalis. Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were nasally immunized with the 40-kDa outer membrane protein of P. gingivalis (40k-OMP) alone or together with a cDNA vector plasmid encoding Flt3 ligand (pFL) as adjuvant and then challenged intravenously with P. gingivalis strain 33277 three times per week for 10 weeeks and sacrificed at 19 weeks of age. Atheromatous lesions in the proximal aorta of each animal were analyzed histomorphometrically, and serum concentrations of 40-kDa OMP-specific antibodies, cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined. Nasal immunization with 40k-OMP or 40k-OMP plus pFL significantly induced 40k-OMP-specific serum immunoglobulin G antibody response and reduced atherosclerotic plaque accumulation in the aortic sinus and lowered the serum levels of CRP and cytokines compared to nonimmunized animals. These findings suggest that 40k-OMP may be an effective nasal vaccine for the reduction of atherosclerosis accelerated by P. gingivalis in normal C57BL/6 mice fed HFD.
  • Masaaki Suemitsu
    2012 年 10 巻 4 号 p. 372-383
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Keratocystic odontogenic tumor shows a relatively high rate of recurrence with daughter cysts and epithelial islands. Determining evidence of the daughter cysts or epithelial islands is therefore important for deciding treatment and assessing the prognosis. However, the evidence is often difficult to confirm from preoperative imaging and biopsy. Using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods on surgical specimens, the author conducted fractal analysis of tumor parenchymal-stromal border shape, provided feedback on biopsy materials, and investigated the utility of the methodology. The materials used in the present study were histopathologically divided into a group with neither daughter cysts nor epithelial islands (Group 1) and a group with either daughter cysts or epithelial islands or both (Group 2). In the epithelial basal lamina, rete ridges presenting an inverted conical shape were directly observed in Group 1 and “budding” with an alveoli-like spherical shape was seen in Group 2. The results of fractal analysis on the rounded form of the basement membrane showed a complex shape with a significantly higher fractal dimension in Group 2 than in Group 1. Immunohistochemically, the MIB-1 labeling index in the basal lamina, indicative of cell proliferative activity, the microvessel density (MVD) measured 200 μm immediately below the basal lamina, indicative of vascular distribution for tumor growth, and the microvessel area (MVA) were all significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 1. These findings suggested that fractal analysis of the basement membrane curve shape and a comparative analysis of MVD and MVA were useful as factors indicating the presence of daughter cysts and epithelial islands, which are causes of recurrence, suggesting a close association with the neoplastic characteristics.
  • Wataru Akiyama
    2012 年 10 巻 4 号 p. 384-399
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Pleomorphic adenomas are the most commonly occurring salivary gland tumors, which are histopathologically characterized by both the presence of epithelial cell proliferation and the formation of myxomatous or cartilage-like tissue. Given their variability, to date, there have been numerous morphological and immunohistochemical studies of the tumors, but most have focused on the major salivary gland tumors and minor salivary gland tumors have yet to be sufficiently investigated. The present study is a comparative histopathological and immunohistochemical study conducted with the aim of focus on the formation of cartilage-like tissue in pleomorphic adenomas occurring in the major and minor salivary glands. Histopathologically, the tumor parenchyma findings consisted of double-layered tubular (inner cells and outer cells), sheet-like, and cord-like proliferation of epithelial cells in all pleomorphic adenomas of the major salivary glands (11 cases) and minor salivary glands (50 cases). The outer cells of the tubular proliferation were dissociated and myxomatous or cartilage-like tissue interposed with matrix was observed. All cases (100%) of the major salivary gland tumors showed hyaline cartilage-like tissue formation that showed metachromasia on Tb staining at pH 7.0, pH 4.1 and pH 2.5. On the other hand, in the minor salivary gland tumors, chondrogenesis was present in 4 of 50 cases (8%), which was predominantly in the form of fibrocartilage-like tissue that presented metachromasia with Tb staining at pH 7.0 and pH 4.1. Immunohistochemical investigations revealed keratin-positive cells in both the inner cells and outer tumor cells in the area of double-layered tubular poliferation. In addition, vimentin- and S-100 protein-positive findings were observed in the outer cells and dissociated cells. The cartilage-like matrix in the major salivary gland tumors was remarkably positive for type II collagen, while the cartilage-like matrix in the minor salivary gland tumors was primarily positive for type I collagen. Markedly positive findings were observed in the hyaline cartilage-like tissue of the major salivary gland tumors for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, BMP-4 and BMP-6, fibroblast growth factor-2 and chondromodulin-I, which were associated with chondrogenesis. The results suggest that cartilage-like tissue forms more readily in the major salivary gland tumors than in the minor salivary gland tumors. Neoplastic myoepithelial cells are involved in the formation of cartilage-like tissue, and it can be inferred that due to the quantity of cartilage-inducing factors, the formation of cartilage-like tissue is more typical in the major salivary gland tumors than in the minor salivary gland tumors.
  • Hirokuni Okamoto, Takashi Asano
    2012 年 10 巻 4 号 p. 400-405
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study compared the control of bite force in healthy dentate individuals and complete denture wearers. Forty subjects with natural dentition (20 males, 20 females ; mean age 23.7 years) and 17 edentulous subjects wearing well-fitting complete dentures (8 males, 9 females ; mean age 72.6 years) volunteered to participate in this study. Electromyographic activity of the temporalis and masseter muscles (bilaterally) was recorded under maximum voluntary contraction and during both light and strong biting as perceived by subjects. Subjects were also required to record perceived bite force on a visual analog scale. Consequently, visual analog scale assessments of light and strong biting by healthy dentate individuals and complete denture wearers were virtually equal at 20-25 and approximately 75, respectively. However, temporal and masseter muscle activity during light biting was 16.1% maximum voluntary contraction and 10.3% in the healthy dentate group, and 29.1% and 28.2% in the complete denture group. Temporal and masseter muscle activity levels during strong biting were 68.7% and 58.0%, respectively, in the healthy dentate group and 48.6% and 49.7%, respectively, in the complete denture group. Significant intergroup differences were observed between temporal and masseter muscle activity levels during light and strong biting. The study findings revealed a disparity between the two groups in perceived bite force and actual muscle activity, suggesting that compared to healthy dentate individuals, complete denture wearers have a narrow regulatory range and reduced flexibility in controlling bite force.
Reviews
  • Zarin Zainul
    2012 年 10 巻 4 号 p. 406-413
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents more than 90% of all head and neck cancers. However, combinations of more aggressive treatments have not been able to substantially improve its 5-year survival rate. After surgery, patients tend to develop local recurrence, despite the resection margins being histologically tumor free, indicating that the histopathologically tumor-free margin includes some histologically undetectable changes, and such changes may be revealed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Various genomic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches are now being evaluated in the prediction of tumor recurrence in OSCC. The main aim of this review article is to provide a summary of markers revealed by IHC that may be able to predict the risk of tumor recurrence in surgical margins. Further investigation of these newly identified genes and proteins in the middle and long term may contribute a definitive method for predicting tumor recurrence. Thus, it may be possible to increase the post-operative disease-free survival of OSCC patients.
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