International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences
Online ISSN : 2185-4254
Print ISSN : 1347-9733
ISSN-L : 1347-9733
Volume 8, Issue 3
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
Invited Reviews
  • Hidenobu Senpuku
    2010 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages 125-131
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To study biofilm formation on artificial in vitro environments does not lead to understanding the natural mechanism of biofilm formation on the teeth surfaces because artificial surfaces differ physically and environmentally from teeth surfaces. Therefore, an animal model is required to study biofilm formation ; however, there has not been a good in vivo model previously reported. Recently, a high susceptibility model mouse : C57BL/6.E2f1-/- mice were found. In our studies using genetic recombination and target gene mutations, NOD.B10D2, NOD.E2f1-/- and NOD/SCID.E2f1-/- mice were constructed using a NOD background gene base and AQP deficient mice were also established. Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse is an established model for human-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). All recombinant and mutant mice showed a decreased saliva phenotype in comparison to control mice. The volume of saliva produced was higher in NOD.B10D2 mice than in the other mutant mice. The lifespan of NOD.E2f1-/- mice was shorter than NOD/SCID.E2f1-/-, C57BL/6.E2f1-/- mice and AQP-/- mice because NOD.E2f1-/- showed a more progressive development to IDDM and SS than did NOD mice. Therefore, NOD.E2f1-/- mice were not suitable for long-term bacterial infection experiments. NOD/SCID.E2f1-/- ; did not show diabetes or insulitis ; and AQP-/- mice showed a decreased volume in saliva and showed an increased susceptibility to oral infections. Therefore, we consider NOD/SCID.E2f1-/-, C57BL/6.E2f1-/- mice and AQP-/- mice may be useful animal models for initial adhesion and biofilm formation to study oral streotococci infections and dental caries.
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Original Articles
  • Tao Zhang, Tomoko Kurita-Ochiai, Tomomi Hashizume, Sumito Oguchi, Yosh ...
    2010 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages 132-141
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Recent epidemiological studies have shown that there is an association between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. We assessed the involvement of the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient spontaneously hyperlipidemic (Apoeshl) mice. The mice were treated intravenously with A. actinomycetemcomitans HK1651 or vehicle three times a week for 3 weeks and killed at 15 weeks of age. Histomorphometric analysis of atheromatous lesions, en face analysis over the aortic tree, TUNEL staining for apoptotic cells, and gene expression in the aorta were examined. The areas of the aortic sinus that were covered with atherosclerotic plaque were larger in Apoeshl mice challenged with A. actinomycetemcomitans compared to controls. The A. actinomycetemcomitans challenge induced CD44, caspase-3 and caspase-7 expressions, and TUNEL-positive response for apoptosis in proximal aortic lesions in Apoeshl mice. An in vitro study using human umbilical vein endothelial cells indicated that A. actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. These results suggest that systemic infection with A. actinomycetemcomitans accelerates atherosclerosis in Apoeshl mice through endothelial cell dysfunction.
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  • Akira Suzuki, Tadahiko Utsunomiya
    2010 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages 142-150
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Although several studies of salivary glands in the mammals, including monkeys, have been reported, many of them are about major salivary glands, and analyses of minor salivary gland are little. Therefore, the present study performed a histological and histochemical study in order to clarify the posterior lingual gland in monkeys, and to obtain the fundamental findings for comparative study with salivary gland diseases. Lingual tissues were obtained from five adult Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata). All the specimens were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution as soon as those had been removed, and then, paraffin sections were made. The sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and PAS-alcian blue pH 2.5. The avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex and direct fluorescence methods using seven kinds of lectin were performed in the present study. Front and back zone of the posterior lingual glands consisted of different type of the acinar cells. The front zone was predominantly composed of PAS-positive acinar cells indicating serous characteristics, whereas back zone mainly consisted of the acinar cells stained with alcian blue pH 2.5 showing mucous characteristics. Serous acinar cells showed positive reactivities for Con A, WGA, RCA-I and UEA-I, whereas DBA was negative. Mucous acinar cells were positive for WGA, RCA-I and UEA-I, but Con A was negative. After neuraminidase digestion, positive reactivities for WGA and PNA were higher in the serous acinar cells compared to non-digestion. These results suggested that the serous cells predominantly contained D-mannose, D-glucose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl neuraminic acid, D-galactose and L-fucose residues, whereas the mucous acinar cells had similar sugar residues with the serous acinar cells except for D-mannose and D-glucose residues. Furthermore, the result of neuraminidase digestion suggested that the serous acinar cells mainly contained not only N-acetyl neuraminic acid but also N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-galactose residues.
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  • Tomomi Hashizume, Shunichi Tanaka, Shuichi Kaminogawa, Akira Hosono, K ...
    2010 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages 151-156
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    CD4+ T cells and their derived cytokines are major contributors to the induction and regulation of antigen-specific antibody responses in both mucosal and systemic compartments. Past studies have shown that antigen-specific mucosal immune responses are impaired in CD4 gene-disrupted (CD4-/-) mice ; however, surface IgA+ B cells are found to co-localize to the germinal center area and CD4-CD8- (double negative) T cells replace CD4+ T cells in the Peyer's patches. Thus, we investigated whether different oral delivery systems could elicit mucosal immunity. Here we show that CD4-/- mice are capable of eliciting secretory IgA antibody responses. Oral immunization using tetanus toxoid (TT) with cholera toxin as a mucosal adjuvant resulted in mucosal IgA and serum IgG anti-TT antibody responses. Furthermore, antigen-specific T cell proliferative responses showed that significant TT-specific proliferative responses were induced in the CD4-CD8-, but not CD4-CD8+, T cells from Peyer's patches of CD4-/- mice given TT plus cholera toxin orally. These results suggest that antigen-specific mucosal IgA antibody responses may be induced by CD4-CD8- T cells in the absence of CD4+ T cells.
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  • Tomomi Hashizume, Tomoko Kurita-Ochiai, Daigo Mikuni, Ken Kawanabe, Sh ...
    2010 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages 157-161
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Numerous studies have suggested an association between periodontal disease and atherosclerosis. Porphyromonas gingivalis has been thought to be one of triggers of atherosclerosis because P. gingivalis DNA is detected in atheromatous plaques. In this study, we assessed the effect of P. gingivalis on endothelial cells to elucidate the mechanisms in P. gingivalis-accelerated atherosclerosis. Our results showed that P. gingivalis infection significantly increased the production of interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) compared with cells without bacteria. In addition, P. gingivalis challenge upregulated the expression levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin in HUVEC at both the mRNA and protein levels. These results suggest that P. gingivalis stimulation induces increases in inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in endothelial cells that in turn lead to the development of atheromatous plaques.
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Case Reports
  • Prashant Bhimrao Patil, Nagaraju Kamarthi, Neeraj Taneja, Neelkant Pat ...
    2010 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages 162-166
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Multiple myeloma is a relatively uncommon malignancy of plasma cell origin that often appears to have multicentric origins within the bone. A case of multiple myeloma with primary manifestation in the oral cavity is reported, presenting as a maxillary alveolar mass with mobility and loss of teeth. Roentgenographic examination demonstrated concomitant “punched-out” osteolytic jawbones and cranial lesions. Awareness of the maxillofacial manifestations of multiple myeloma is important for early detection of this disease, especially in patients with initial oral involvement that could well be the first indication of disease.
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  • Takeshi Wada, Kenji Negoro, Yukihiro Hiraishi, Yoshinobu Iwagami, Shig ...
    2010 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages 167-170
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Epithelial inclusion cysts in the tongue are extremely rare. We describe a case of an epithelial inclusion cyst occurring in the tongue in which it was necessary to differentiate the lesion from a malignant tumor. Clinical observation of the lesion and histopathological findings of biopsy tissue suggested the possibility of a malignant tumor. However, observation after immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and p53 ruled out malignancy. The lesion with a margin for safety was excised completely and a follow-up clinical examination at 3 years 4 months revealed no evidence of recurrence.
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  • Shigeo Tanaka, Hiroyuki Okada, Masahiro Hara, Sakurako Yamaguchi, Taka ...
    2010 Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages 171-174
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We describe a case of huge solitary neurofibroma in the oral cavity. A 59-year-old man with a history of dysphagia presented with swelling of the tongue. Magnetic resonance (MR) images showed a lesion extending from the base of the tongue to the floor of the mouth located above the mylohyoid muscle. The dimensions of the enucleated tumor were 95 mm in length, 65 mm in width, and 15 mm in thickness. Histopathological examination revealed that the lesion was a diffuse neurofibroma.
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