Using two electrolysis systems based on D₂O/Pd electrolysis, experimentalsearches were tried to find correlation between excess heat and possible nuclearproducts (neutrons, X-rays, tritium and helium). One was the open electrolysis system with twin cells to study correlation between excess heat, X-rays andneutrons. The other was the closed electrolysis system to study correlationbetween D/Pd ratios, excess heat, neutrons and helium. No very clear correlation between excess heat and any nuclear products have been observed, butseveral marginal-level data were obtained to show helium-4 production whenexcess heat were observed in the closed electrolysis system. In few cases bythe open electrolysis experiments, clear excess heat was observed with no visible increases of characteristic X-rays and neutrons over back ground. Burstevents of soft X-rays and neutrons were observed in few cases, being independent of excess heat productions.

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The nuclear reaction in palladium electrode under highly non-uniform electricfield has been studied using a neutron counting system. Excess neutroncounts were observed with deuterium loaded palladium point electrodes indeuterium gas atmosphere in 9 out of 24 runs after activation by flashoverbetween electrodes during DC high voltage application. Similar neutron bursttook place without the activation under a DC glow discharge condition in 2runs out of 37 runs. The tip surface of these two electrodes after the burstwas observed to be covered by a large amount of carbon using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Several craters of about 10μm in diameter wereformed on the tip surface of one of the two electrodes.

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Nuclear products which were caused by the D D nuclear fusion reactionwere searched in electrolytic cells and in gas phase of Pd D systems.Measurements of nuclear products were made for gamma-ray, neutron, tritiumand helium. To detect neutron, liquid scintillation and ³He counters wereused. For gamma-ray measurement, a NaI detector was used. For tritiumconcentration measurement in gas phase, a gas proportional chamber was fabricated and operated in low background level. The signals of those detectorswere fed to Pulse Height Analyzer and recorded as energy spectra which werecarefully compared with background spectra. Different type of neutron hunting was also tried in the instants of pressurizing and depressurizing the deuteriumgas in crystal. A large size crystal of tungsten bronze was prepared forthe experiment.

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The heat balance during the electrolysis using B controlled Pd cathodes in1M LiOD heavy water solution has been measured using the flow calorimetersystem. We used two systems ; one is the high accurate system where theexperimental error was reduced to ±1.5%, the other is the high heat recoverysystem. The excess heat was observed for 6 experiments out of 14 for B controlled specimen. Most of the excess heat was very small except one examplewhere we observed a heat burst of 1.8W using Pd that contained 500ppm B.

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Certain amounts of unexpected elements, eg. Au, Fe, Cu, Zn, and K withthe different isotopic contents evidently different from their natural isotopicabundance were found to be produced on/in Pd electrode by the light waterelectrolysis. The amounts of Fe and Cu reached several at. percent in the vicinity of the electrode surface. The amounts of Zn, Au and K were somewhatsmaller. These elements were distributed locally along the scraped edge of theelectrode. The distribution of Au was completely overlapping with that of Ptpartially deposited on the scraped edge of the Pd electrode.

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Many elements on Pd electrode were confirmed by several analytic methods; reaction products with the mass number up to 208 are deposited on palladium cathodes, which were subjected to electrolysis in a heavy water solutionat high pressure, temperature, and current density for prolonged time. Thesemasses were composed of many elements ranged from hydrogen to lead.Extraordinary observations were the changes of their isotopic distributions inthe produced elements; these were radically different from the natural ones.For example, natural chromium is 4.3% Cr 50, 84% Cr 52, 9.5% Cr 53 and 2.4% Cr 54. But the Chromium found on the Pd surface was 14% Cr 50, 51% Cr 52, 2.4% Cr 53 and 11% Cr 54. Natural Isotopic distribution varies by less than0.003% for Cr. Essentially the same phenomenon was confirmed eight timeswith high reproducibility at high cathodic current density, above 0.2A /cm².All the possibilities of contamination had been carefully eliminated by severalpretreatments for the sample and electrolysis system. It means that a nuclearreaction had taken place during the electrochemical treatment. It is indicating the role of new interactions discovered in the framework of a generalization of the usual quantum mechanics. Evidently such new interactions, due tothe mutual overlap of wavepackets, should explain the new phenomenologiesthat are experimentally observed in this study.

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Since spring of 1989 we have attempted to confirm the so-called cold fusion phenomena by detecting excess heat and various nuclear products, usingopen type electrolysis cells. A variety of cells containing Pd (cathode)/0.1M LiOD/Pt (anode) were examined, but recently efforts have been concentratedon dewar type cells containing a small palladium cathode, about 2mm∅×7mm in size. Until now a burst-like heat release, equivalent to 110% of theinput electric power, was observed in one cell, with neither increase of neutronemission nor that of tritium concentrations. Helium was observed, but nodecisive conclusion could be drawn due to incompleteness of the then used detecting system. In another experiment an abnormal increase of neutron emission, about 3.8σ above the background level, was observed with neither coincidentalheat burst nor tritium anomalies. It lasted for 9 hours and the emission ratethat amounts to 27.2±11.2 neutrons s^-1 was 700 times as much as the background level. It happened also only once, which makes the possibility of thesystem error negligible and paradoxically supports its reality. In the otherexperiment abnormal emission of the low energy (below 20 keV) X-ray hasbeen detected during the D⁺ charging period, indicating some type of nuclearphenomena may be happening in the cell. Further studies as well as reproductions of the anomalies are becoming highly essential to understand totallythese abnormal phenomena.

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Present status of cold fusion research is reviewed after almost nine yearsof its discovery. It is recognized that the events of the cold fusion phenomenonoccurring at from room temperature up to about 3000°C include not inlyinitially supposed excess heat, neutron and tritium generations but also heliumand gamma ray generations and the nuclear transmutation of the heavier nuclei.The experimental evidences of these events have been almost confirmed.and primitive application devices have been worked out but theoretical explanationof the phenomenon is not accomplished yet. A trial of consistent explanationfor the whole experimental data is introduced in the final section.

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