The operating department of Toyama medical and pharmaceutical university hospital was opened on 10th of October in 1979. From the beginning, the investigation of air born bacteria, using a slit sampler, has been done once a month.Bacterial counts in the operating rooms, wherein on one was working, were nearly zero.During surgery, bacterial counts in the operating room increased to about 100 colonies/m^3 air, in proportion to the number of persons and their movement. Within thirty minutes after the operation was over, and patient and medical staffs went out, bacterial counts returned to zero. In order places, bacterial counts were 10 to 20 colonies/m^3 during early eight months, then increased to 48.5 colonies/m^3 from the ninth month to the eleventh month and then slightly decreased. Indigenous bacterial floras-for example, micrococcus, staphylococcus epidermidis and streptcoccus-were mainly found. It was suspected that the number of bacteria in the operating department depended on the number of persons, as well as on the equipments which were HEPA filter used air conditioning system, Maquet's hatch way transfer system and others.Some other efforts to keep the operating department clean were reported.

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The intracuff pressure of a high-volume low-pressure cuff increases when N_2O permeates into the cuff during oxide anesthesia. In order to prevent the pressure increase, various methods have been proposed ; however, none of them are fully satistactory.Recentry we have made a cuff pressure regulator for trial, which showed fairly good results under nitrous oxide anesthesia. The following is a detail on the regulator.The structure of the device is : A bellow, which moves with no resistance against press and stretch, is suspended from the upper plate of an airtight box. The upper end of the bellow is exposed to the atmospher, while the lower end is in the shape on which a weight can be placed. When the regulator is connected with a cuff, inner pressure of W(g) / S(cm^2)[W : weight ; S : cross section area of the bellow]is given, and it keeps intracuff pressure constant, only the bellow being expanded and contracted at the time when nitrous oxide permeates into the cuff as well as when gases permeates out of the cuff.For our clinical tests, we set the inner pressure at 20cmH_2O, and GOF Anesthesia with N_2O 4l/min, O_2 2l/min, and fluothane less than 1.0% was applied to patients. Our tests proved that cuff pressure was kept cnsotant even under the anesthesia as long as six hours.

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