Author presented a newly developed disposable draping set and draping technique for ventriculoperitoneal shuat. For the base material, spanlace nonwoven sheets were used. The draping sheets were consisted of two kinds, one for underpad with waterproofing sheets the other for facepad in which the surgical field was lined out with waterabsorbing sheets.Each sheet has the efge lined out with drafttapes by which the draoing can be achieved noninvasively. This draping technique reduced or breaked off many disadvantages of conventional draping method using cotton sheets with invensive onto the surgical field. Also, it may reduce the risk of shunt infection with the strong merit of disposable nonwoven sheat. Nonwoven sheets, as a newly developed medical disposable material, are now widely distributed in clinical fields and it is strongly hoped that the new application should be planed and developed from the surgical user's standpoints of view on the basis of analyzed data of specific diseases and therapeutic characteristic.

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Percuraneous nephrouretero-lithotriopsy (PNL) is now rapidly spreading as a method for removing upper urinary calculi. However, in most cases, this procedure requires destruction of calculi by some means. The present paper reports the results of clinical evaluation of PNL using an ultrasound lithotriptor (USL) for the destruction of calculi. A USL with an Aloka ultrasound knife, to which a newly developed handpiece was attached, was used. The procedure was performed on upper urinary calculi in 30 kidneys in 28 patients. The rate of complete removal of calculi was 87%. With regard to the site, renal calculi required more time and were associated with a higher incidence of remaining calculi. The time required for destruction increased together with increased size of the calculi. This was particularly so in cases of calculi measuring over 3 cm. In contrast, the number of calculi had no influence on the time required for destruction. There were no side effects related to this procedure. The USL used in this study was useful for PNL.

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A new automatic monitoring system of oxygen pipeline was devised and evaluated. The system consists of two parts, an alarm part and a control part. The alarm part has two detectors, a pressure detector and a concentration detector, the former, powered by flow energy itself of oxygen, and the latter, driven by electric power. Each detector continuously measures its own parameter, and sets off both audible and visible alarms when it detects the level of the parameter below the preset level. The control part contains a volt transformer and three timers which regulate the working schedule, alarm activation, and recording signals. We conducted the tests several times releasing the pipeline oxygen fron the system purposely.These tests triggered each time instantaneous and precise activation of the alarm system at preset levels.

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The chemical disinfection method of electrical thermometer was studied into Ethyl alcohol, Isopropyl alcohol, Chlorhexidine gluconate, Alkyl diaminoethyl glycine hydrochloride, Glutaraldehyde, Benzalkonium chloride, and Sodium hypochlorite. The electrical thermometer was contaminated in the concentration of inoculum (10^5-10^7 CFU/0.1ml) made from the standard strains of St. epidermidis, S. marcescens, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Ps. cepacia and C. albicans on serum. The pieces were disinfected for 5 to 20 minutes in the above disinfectants at 20℃.Then baterial kill time was examined in recovery medium after 3 to 7 days at ordinaly temperature. The result obtainied are as follows; 1) 1% Chlorhexidine gluconate, 0.5% ALkyl diaminoethyl glicine hydrochloride, 1% Glutaraldehyde and 0.1% Sodium hypochlorite disinfection efficiency them between 5 and 10 minites. 2) 50% Isopropyl alcohol and 0.2% Benzalkonium chloride disinfected them over 10 minutes.

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There are usually antimicrobial adhesive mats at the entrance to the ICU and operating rooms in order to prevent hospital infection. The effect of four types of such mats was examined. 1. Antimicrobial activity of the mats containing an antimicrobial agent against clinically isolated microorganisms was examined in accordance with the disc method. The mats examined were found to be divided into three; the mats with strong antimicrobial activity against almost all of the tested microorganisms, those with weak antimicrobial activity, and those without any antimicrobial activity. 2. Spores of B. subtilis were replicated on three types of mats and the spores on the mats were counted with the passage of time. Neither decrease in the spore count nor the difference in the spore count among the three types of the mats were observed. 3. When the bacteria on the mats and floor of the ICU were isolated, most of them were found to be S. aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci and non-fermentative gram negative rods. The count of the bacteria on the floor was not affected by the frequency or extent of cleaning and remained constant at 10^2-10^3/90cm^2. On the other hand, the count of the bacteria on the mats increased, if the fresh surface of the mats was exposed. However, the count was saturated after certain time. Therefore, it is necessary to change the surface of the mats to a fresh one at a short interval in order to prevent hospital infection.

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