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  In steel castings, the sizes of heads are very important to produce sound castings.
  The head must be of such diameter that it shall not freeze to the center until after the necessity for remaining molten ceases to exist. Given a section of castings to be fed, the minimum diameter of head for above condition can be determined experimentally. The author obtained the standard diameters of heads on various regular sections in this paper.
  For a given diameter of head, its height should have sufficient metal such as its molten metal fully feed down to the casting body. And then, when such a head has done feeding action, it will be hollow just down to the neck of head.
  To determine a suitable and efficient height of the head, the following empirical formula was found after many experiments.
            w= π/4 D²H×0.0078
               =W/6.5 + R³/25
  Where w ・・・・Apparent weight of the head, kg.
             W ・・・・Weight of a part of the casting, kg.
             D=2R ・・Dia. of the head determined, cm.
             H ・・・・Height of the head in cm, unknown quantity.

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