This study compares the disclosure practices of occupational safety and health (OSH) in corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports between listed companies in Japan and Taiwan. Using publicly available CSR reports from 2020, we analyzed OSH disclosures from 441 Japanese companies and 150 Taiwanese companies. In Taiwan, where CSR disclosure is mandatory, the reports were more comprehensive and closely aligned with Global Reporting Initiative standards. In contrast, Japan’s voluntary approach led to greater variability in reporting, with a lower overall OSH disclosure rate but a relatively higher emphasis on mental health measures. After adjusting for the industry and company size, the odds of Taiwanese companies disclosing OSH information were 3.45 times higher than Japanese companies. This cross-country comparison highlights the importance of regulatory frameworks on the quality and consistency of OSH disclosures, as seen in Taiwanese companies. Japanese companies could improve transparency in materiality disclosures, while Taiwanese companies might benefit from adopting Japan’s focus on mental health and occupational health awards. This comparison offers valuable insights into the role of regulations in shaping CSR practices and provides guidance for future policy development in both countries and others aiming to enhance corporate transparency in OSH.

Nurses are at increased risk of making professional errors due to a combination of interrelated factors. We investigated the effects of sleepiness, fatigue, psychological hardiness, and demographic factors on the frequency of medical errors among active nurses. A cross-sectional study was conducted including 346 (47.7% males) nurses from two hospitals in Tehran, Iran. All participants had at least a Bachelor of Science in Nursing. A machine-learning model showed good performance in predicting the frequency of occupational errors with an average (SD) root mean squared error of 2.82 (0.55), mean absolute error of 1.57 (0.38), and R-squared of 0.53 (0.19). Nurses with higher hardiness showed fewer errors, while those with greater sleepiness and fatigue reported more. Experience and age were negatively correlated with error frequency. This study provided insights into nurse well-being and patient safety and highlighted the complex relationships between psychological and physiological factors in occupational errors.

Premenstrual disorders (PMDs) in working women are reported to be associated with absenteeism and presenteeism, but few studies have considered their severity from a broad range of manifestations and investigated its impact on absenteeism and presenteeism simultaneously within the same population consisting of various occupations. Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 2,987 premenopausal women working across Japan using a self-administered survey that included items on absenteeism and presenteeism due to premenstrual symptoms and symptom severity. Multivariate analyses were used to examine the association between PMD severity, absenteeism (being away from work) and presenteeism (decreased work performance). Results demonstrated that PMD severity was strongly associated with both absenteeism and presenteeism irrespective of age, socioeconomic background, and work-related factors. Those with moderate to severe forms of PMDs had a two-fold risk of absenteeism and 18–30% worse presenteeism compared to a milder group. Furthermore, two-thirds of women with severe PMDs reported ≥30% performance reduction without absenteeism, indicating that the impact of PMDs was more significant for presenteeism than absenteeism. Our study results suggest the importance of widely promoting education and treatment of PMDs regardless of sociodemographic factors and working conditions for securing the workforce through the advancement of working women.

Occupational stress and burnout are increasingly recognized as major contributors to reduced productivity in modern workplaces. In this study, we explored the association between occupational stress and health-related productivity loss through the mediating effect of burnout syndrome in Korean workers. This study was conducted using a sample of 5,050 participants from 5,553 randomly selected individuals, after excluding those with missing data. The key variables were measured using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS^® 19), the Korean version of the Burnout Syndrome Scale (KBOSS), and the Korean version of the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment-General Health (WPAI-GH) questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using generalized linear models, and mediation analysis. The results revealed a significant association among occupational stress, burnout, and health-related productivity losses. Burnout was found to mediate the relationship between occupational stress and health-related productivity loss, with approximately 51% of the effect being mediated by burnout. Among the burnout sub-dimensions, the mediating effect of exhaustion was the highest. These results suggest that managing occupational stress and burnout can play a crucial role in reducing health-related productivity losses.

Nurses working night shifts often face some health issues and cognitive decline. This study aimed to determine whether night shifts affected sleepiness, fatigue, and automatic auditory cognition during holidays and following night shifts. Subjective sleepiness was measured using the Stanford Sleepiness Scale, objective sleepiness and fatigue were measured using the Psychomotor Vigilance Test, and automatic auditory cognition was measured using duration mismatch negativity. All measurements were conducted twice: during holidays and following night shifts. Statistical analyses were performed using the Shapiro–Wilk, Wilcoxon signed-rank, and Kruskal–Wallis tests. In all participants, the mean Stanford Sleepiness Scale score and Psychomotor Vigilance Test reaction time following the night shift were significantly higher than those during holidays. However, the peak latency and amplitude of duration mismatch negativity did not significantly differ between during holidays and following night shifts. Similar results were obtained for most age groups (except for the 20s group). In summary, sleepiness and fatigue significantly increased following night shifts compared with during holidays, but these changes did not affect automatic auditory cognition. Age had no significant impact on sleepiness, fatigue, or automatic auditory cognition.

The Dhokra manufacturing process involves long hours of constrain sitting posture with highly precession-based tasks. Comparative assessment was done to find the effectiveness of the new workstation. The objective of this study is to find out the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) among Dhokra handicraft artisans by analysing the existing workspace and redesigning a new workstation with ergonomic consideration to improve working postures. This study consists of three phases. In the first phase, ergonomics study of existing hand crafting process of Dhokra handicraft was evaluated. Based on the findings, a new proposed workstation was considered consisting of sitting anthropometric body dimensions and reachability aspects. In the second phase, a new workstation prototype was developed considering anthropometric dimension and tested against grid board to optimize the dimensions for the final working prototype for the artisans. Finally, in the third phase, a comparative study of the workstations was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the new workstation. Artisans reported a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain symptoms with age in upper body part, lumber, and buttocks. Results of ergonomic assessment showed the current work setup is poorly designed. A new optimised sit workstation considering ergonomic principle works effectively reducing MSD during prolonged working activity. Lack of ergonomic principles in the existing work setup is responsible for the artisan’s discomfort and the prevalence of MSD.

Abstract: Biomathematical models of fatigue (BMMFs) are commonly used to predict cognitive alertness in commercial aviation. Accounting for workload in association with routine job tasks may help BMMFs to more accurately predict fatigue in real world operations. This study compared the accuracy of BMMF workload predictions (SF Workload) against pilot self-report of workload during normal flight operations. Ninety-nine (N=99) pilots from a major Asia-based airline completed the NASA Task Load Index (TLX) at top of descent (TOD) during a multiple-flight three-day roster that consisted of daytime flying. SF Workload predictions and TLX scores were normalized to a 100-point scale and compared using equivalence testing. SF Workload predictions were statistically non-different from pilot TLX scores at the same TOD (64 ± 7 vs. 65 ± 15; both t=1.56, p=0.06) using the two one-sided t-test (TOST) approach, indicating high workload and that BMMF predictions are non-inferior to pilot self-report as a means of estimating workload. Establishing the accuracy of workload predictions against real-world reports in a commercial pilot population is an important step towards risk management in situations where high workload may create a safety risk.

The occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS) of industry is a key issue in reducing risks and accidents in the workplace. A study to evaluate the OHSMS factors in the perception of workers in Nakhon Ratchasima province using a questionnaire of 937 people from 13 types of industries. The results showed confirmed of questionnaire met the recommended criteria and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) between observable with variables of safety management found safety management’s Goodness of fit indicators. The perception of safety management in industry found that most safety officers were aware of occupational health and safety policy focuses on loss prevention and control and compliance with the law (99.51%) that had the highest influence on safety management (β=0.432) while most employees were aware of communication back to management to jointly promote safe working practices and appointment of safety committee and safety officer (91.13%) that had the highest influence on safety management (β=0.327). The study on OHSMS in industrial sectors found that safety officers focus on policy compliance and risk prevention, while employees emphasize communication and safety committees. Discrepancies in safety perceptions highlight the need for better alignment between officers and employees. The study suggests combining compliance-focused programs with proactive employee engagement to strengthen safety culture. Future research should explore the impact of these approaches on accident rates and employee satisfaction across sectors.