Inflammation and Regeneration
Online ISSN : 1880-8190
Print ISSN : 1880-9693
26 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1~6を表示しています
Editorial
Review Article
  • Tsutomu Takeuchi, Koichi Amano, Hideto Kameda
    2006 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 148-159
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/08/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    Tumor Necrosis Factors (TNFs) have an important role in host defense against infections, while accumulating evidence suggest that overproduction of TNFs is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Early experiments have demonstrated that RA synovial cells produced an excess amount of TNF-α in vitro, and an anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody inhibited not only TNF-α, but also subsequent production of IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8, suggesting that TNF-α is located upstream of the cytokine cascade. In addition, TNF-α transgenic (tg) mice developed erosive polyarticular arthritis, and the blockade of TNF-α significantly reduced the severity and the development of arthritis, and joint destruction. These results raise a possibility that the TNF inhibition is useful to manage inflammatory arthritis and has facilitated the clinical development of this approach. In this review, we introduce the physiological and pathological roles of TNFs, and summarize the efficacy and safety of the biological agents targeting on the tumor necrosis factor. The biological TNF inhibitors provide a great impact on our understanding of the pathogenesis, and have revolutionized our strategy in the management of inflammatory disorders with unknown etiology.
Original Article
  • Zhiyun Ozaki-Chen, Hideshi Yoshikawa, Manae S. Kurokawa, Chieko Masuda ...
    2006 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 160-168
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/08/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury of renal graft is one of the major problems for successful transplantation of kidney. Apoptosis plays a crucial role in the renal injury induced by I/R and the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells has been predominantly investigated. However, it is not clear whether I/R provokes endothelial cell injury within glomeruli. Here, we focused on the apoptotic change of glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) during I/R injury. DNA ladder formation, morphological changes and TUNEL staining in accordance with Fas and FasL expressions in the kidney were examined. Apoptotic cell death in kidney was observed as early as 3 hours after reperfusion. Early apoptotic change was mainly occurred in vascular endothelial cells, including GECs. The double staining with TUNEL and anti-vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) Ab demonstrated that I/R induced apoptosis in GECs. Electron microscopic examination supports the findings. In addition, laser microdissection and RT-PCR demonstrated that enhanced mRNA expression of FasL in glomeruli was observed after ischemia, suggesting involvement of Fas/FasL system in apoptotic death of GECs after I/R. Furthermore, the apoptosis of GECs was predominantly inhibited by the intravenous injection of Fas-Fc fusion protein before ischemia. These findings suggest that I/R induces apoptotic cell death not only in tubular epithelial cells but also in endothelial cells in glomeruli and the Fas/FasL system is importantly involved in I/R-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. Thus, the pretreatment with Fas-Fc fusion protein may help to reduce the injury of endothelial cells in glomeruli and effectively improve renal function after renal transplantation.
Mini Review
  • Masaki J. Honda, Yoshinori Sumita, Yoshinori Shinohara, Hideaki Kagami ...
    2006 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 169-174
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/08/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    Artificial dentition, tooth transplantation, and dental implants are the traditionally prosthetic procedures for tooth replacement. While missing teeth are not life-threatening, the quality of daily life is affected. Recent progress in understanding the molecular basis of tooth development, stem cell biology, and tissue engineering will provide the fundamental knowledge and basis for the realization of engineered teeth in the future. The mechanisms underlying tooth-tissue engineering are still largely unknown. We first reported techniques for the development of tissue engineered teeth in 2002. The long-term goal of our investigations remains the development of viable tissue engineered teeth. Although there are several ways that the engineering of teeth has been attempted, a complete and tissue engineered tooth has not been achieved. Engineered tooth size is smaller than that of normal teeth and only 15% of engineered tooth structures exhibited spatial organized pulp, dental and enamel. This report describes our recent investigations into the production of engineered teeth.
  • Hiroyuki Inoguchi, Takashi Tanaka, Yoshihiko Maehara, Takehisa Matsuda
    2006 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 175-180
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/08/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    A circulatory mock system which biomimicks mechanical pulsatile stress field in arterial circulatory milieu plays significant roles for vascular tissue-engineering in the aspects of compliance matching and tissue morphogenesis, both of which appear to enable to architect a vascular graft morphologically and functionally resembling to those of a native artery. In this mini-review, fundamental effects of circulatory hydrodynamic forces, that is tangential shear stress and circumferential cyclic strain, are briefly summarized, followed by summary of various types of existing circulatory systems, and promising roles of the circulatory mock system in vascular tissue-engineering are discussed.
  • Sachiko Inoue, Yasuhiko Tabata
    2006 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 181-184
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/08/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    There are some action modes to activate the receptor of growth factors and cytokines, such as juxtacrine, autocrine, and paracrine fashions. Some of growth factors transduce the signal to the target cell while anchored (immobilized or adsorbed) to a biological substance. For example, binding of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) to heparin is required for the signal transduction. Biological activity of growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and insulin, in the immobilized or absorbed form have been compared with that of factors in the water-soluble form. The growth factors immobilized or adsorbed maintain the activities to transduce the signals for activation of cell functions. The amount of growth factors immobilized to affect the proliferation of cells is smaller than that of water-soluble factors. There is difference in the time profile of the functional activation between the two forms of growth factor. This paper briefly reviews the influence of growth factors on the proliferation of cells while our data about the effect of basic FGF (bFGF) in different modes on the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow derived stem cells.
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