Internal Medicine
Online ISSN : 1349-7235
Print ISSN : 0918-2918
ISSN-L : 0918-2918
61 巻, 19 号
選択された号の論文の33件中1~33を表示しています
EDITORIAL
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
  • Minako Wakasugi, Ichiei Narita
    2022 年 61 巻 19 号 p. 2831-2839
    発行日: 2022/10/01
    公開日: 2022/10/01
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2022/02/26
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    電子付録

    Objective The survival advantage of females over males is lost in dialysis patients in many countries. Japanese female hemodialysis patients, however, have a survival advantage over their male counterparts. This study explored causes of death that contribute to sex differences in all-cause mortality in Japanese dialysis patients.

    Methods Data from the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy registry and National Vital Statistics from 2017 and 2018 were used. Standardized mortality ratios, male-to-female mortality rate ratios, and age-adjusted differences between sexes were calculated for all-cause, cardiovascular, and non-cardiovascular mortality, as well as cause-specific mortality, in dialysis patients and the general population.

    Results During the 2-year study period, 41,006 and 21,254 deaths occurred in 417,740 and 225,292 patient-years in male and female dialysis patients, respectively. The age-standardized all-cause mortality ratio was 1.21 (95% confidence interval, 1.20-1.23) for male patients compared to female patients. The male-to-female mortality rate ratio for cardiovascular disease was about 1.4 in younger age categories but closer to 1.0 in older age categories. Conversely, the ratio for non-cardiovascular disease was about 1.3 in older age categories but closer to 1.0 in younger age categories. Death from infectious disease, malignancy, and heart failure contributed to 38.4%, 22.7%, and 12.1%, respectively, of the male-to-female difference in all-cause mortality of dialysis patients.

    Conclusion Low cardiovascular mortality in younger age categories and low non-cardiovascular mortality in older age categories contributed to the survival advantage of female Japanese dialysis patients. Infectious disease was the greatest contributor to sex differences in all-cause mortality.

  • Minako Wakasugi, Ichiei Narita, Kunitoshi Iseki, Koichi Asahi, Kunihir ...
    2022 年 61 巻 19 号 p. 2841-2851
    発行日: 2022/10/01
    公開日: 2022/10/01
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2022/03/05
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    電子付録

    Objective Whether or not combined lifestyle factors are associated with similar decreases in risks of incident hypertension and diabetes among individuals with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear.

    Methods This population-based prospective cohort study included participants 40-74 years old who were free from heart disease, stroke, renal failure, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia at baseline (n =60,234). Healthy lifestyle scores (HLSs) were calculated by adding the total number of 5 healthy lifestyle factors (non-smoking, body mass index <25 kg/m2, regular exercise, healthy eating habits, and moderate or less alcohol consumption). Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine associations between the HLS and incident hypertension or type 2 diabetes and whether or not CKD modified these associations.

    Results During a median of 4 years, there were 2,773 incident hypertension cases (30.1 cases per 1,000 person-years) and 263 incident diabetes cases (2.4 cases per 1,000 person-years). The risk of developing hypertension and diabetes decreased linearly as participants adhered to more HLS components. Compared with adhering to 0, 1, or 2 components, adherence to all 5 HLS components was associated with a nearly one-half reduction in the risk of hypertension [hazard ratio (HR) =0.52; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.45-0.60] and diabetes (HR=0.51; 95% CI, 0.32-0.81) in fully adjusted models. CKD did not have a modifying effect on associations between the HLS and incident hypertension (Pinteraction=0.6) or diabetes (Pinteraction=0.3).

    Conclusion Adherence to HLS components was associated with reduced risks of incident hypertension and diabetes, regardless of CKD status.

  • Takashi Iijima, Naoki Sawa, Yuki Nakayama, Yuki Oba, Daisuke Ikuma, Hi ...
    2022 年 61 巻 19 号 p. 2853-2860
    発行日: 2022/10/01
    公開日: 2022/10/01
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2022/02/26
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    Objective High-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) therapy for AL amyloidosis are now associated with reduced mortality based on the application of strict criteria. However, there is no long-term evidence concerning the performance of induction therapy with newer agents, such as bortezomib or daratumumab. Concerns regarding long-term relapse despite treatment with ASCT exist, and missing the opportunity to perform ASCT might occur if induction proves to not be efficacious and cardiac amyloidosis progression deprives the patients of a chance to receive ASCT. We herein report good amyloid control by vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (VAD) induction therapy and argue the importance of induction therapy before ASCT.

    Methods We compared patients who underwent VAD induction and ASCT (VAD+ASCT) with patients who underwent frontline ASCT in our hospital.

    Patients A total of 26 patients with histologically proven AL amyloidosis were included (18 in the VAD+ASCT group and 8 in the frontline ASCT).

    Results In the VAD+ASCT group, the 10-year overall survival and renal response rates were 82% and 43%, respectively. The renal response rate at two years in the VAD+ASCT group was significantly better than that in the frontline ASCT group. Although there was no significant difference in the survival rates between the two groups, the time to next treatment or death was significantly better in the VAD+ASCT group than in the the frontline ASCT group. Acute kidney injury was the most frequent reason for failure to receive two courses of VAD, and early mortality was mainly due to gastrointestinal complications.

    Conclusion Considering that only those who underwent 2 courses of VAD experienced a 10-year renal response, induction therapy was deemed to be directly related to the long-term control of AL amyloidosis.

  • Yu Kurahara, Yoshinobu Matsuda, Kazunari Tsuyuguchi, Akihiro Tokoro
    2022 年 61 巻 19 号 p. 2861-2866
    発行日: 2022/10/01
    公開日: 2022/10/01
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2022/02/26
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    Objective The incidence and clinical importance of delirium in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have not yet been fully investigated. The present study reported the prevalence of delirium in patients with COVID-19 and identified the factors associated with delirium and mortality.

    Methods We performed an observational, retrospective study of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at the Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore delirium risk factors.

    Patients All consecutive patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at the Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center.

    Results We identified 600 patients [median age: 61.0 (interquartile range: 49.0-77.0) years old], of whom 61 (10.2%) developed delirium during their stay. Compared with patients without delirium, these patients were older (median age 84.0 vs. 56.0 years old, p<0.01) and had more comorbidities. Based on a multivariate analysis, age, dementia, severe disease, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were independent risk factors for developing delirium. For every 1-year increase in age and 10-IU/L increase in LDH, the delirium risk increased by 10.8-12.0% and 4.6-5.7%, respectively. There were 15 (24.6%) in-hospital deaths in the group with delirium and 8 (1.6%) in the group without delirium (p<0.01). Delirium was associated with an increased mortality.

    Conclusion Delirium in patients with COVID-19 is prevalent and associated with poor clinical outcomes in Japan. Despite difficulties with COVID-19 patient care during the pandemic, physicians should be aware of the risk of delirium and be trained in its optimal management.

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