In the era of big data, personal information has been widely shared and used, which facilitates personal life, social production and public management but also brings the risk of personal information abuse.Personal information has multiple values involving with personality dignity and freedom, economic use, and public management. Meanwhile, the stakeholders relevant to personal information have become more and more diverse, leading to increasingly urgent demand for sharing and using personal information. With the great improvements in the processing efficiency and transmission rate of personal information, it has become much easier to share personal information, which makes the application of the principle of informed consent more difficult. In this circumstance, "Rational Expectation"rule becomes a new option of personal information protection in the era of big data. By assessing the risk of personal information sharing with matrix method in application contexts, it discusses the criteria of risk control under rational expectation rule. If the risk assessed is at the level of low risk, the sharing and use of personal information in this context complies with the rational expectation rule; If the risk assessed is at the level of medium risk, it is necessary to take measures timely and actively to reduce the risk and reassess the risk; If the risk assessed is at the level of high risk, the rational expectation rule is not applicable, the personal information controller should significantly inform the information subject and obtain consent before sharing the personal information. If there are multiple risk points in the application context, when and only when each risk level judged must be low risk, the rational expectation rule can be applied. Based on the rational expectation rule, we can achieve the balance of interests among personal information protection, digital economic development and public interest maintenance, so as to coordinate the promotion of digital innovation, economic development and social progress, and realize the unity of effective protection and rational use of personal information.

Sustainable urban heritage conservation requires an understanding of the influence of sense of place on the residents’ conservation behaviour. However, in the context of urban heritage studies, the relationship between these two concepts has not been explored sufficiently. Therefore, this paper investigates the relationship between the dimensions of sense of place (place identity, place attachment, place dependence) and the dimensions of sustainable heritage behaviour (general behaviour and specific behaviour). The study was conducted in Semarang Old City, Central Java, Indonesia. The respondents were individual owners of old buildings who fit the predetermined criteria. Using Somers’ D correlation, this study found that despite all the correlations formed between the dimensions being unidirectionally positive, only place identity had a significant effect on specific behaviour. Moreover, social bonding that builds the building owner’s identity was strongly associated with the intention to take communal action in the form of specific behaviour. The implications of the research findings on theory and practice are also discussed.

Having achieved substantial progress in urban development over the past three decades, the Chinese government has turned to ecovillage development as one of the more effective ways to solve increasingly serious rural issues, such as poverty, rural hollowing, a deteriorating natural environment, and farmland abandonment. However, in spite of various promotional policies and substantial financial investment, there are very few studies assessing the impact of governmental support on ecovillage development. This paper presents a study applying both qualitative research and quantitative analysis to compare the effects of the support, especially in funding and policies, on their development. A comparison was made of three cases, one in China and two elsewhere. To provide a common basis for comparison, three quantification based assessments were examined with a view to applying them in this study. These were the Evaluation for Construction of Beautiful Village (ECBV) from China, and the BREEAM Community and LEED-ND, two well-established international examples. The following analyses using the three methods reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the Chinese government support in ecovillage development, and limitations of the quantification-based assessment methods. Proposals are made for improving the nature of government support and the use of the ECBV. These research outcomes can help formulate the rural development policies in the critical time of socio-economic transition in China, and the research process could be a reference to review quantification based assessment methods in other developing countries with similar levels of development.

In the old traditional houses, the inner central courtyard was the focal point of the house. Most of the rooms, if not all of them, are directly connected to the courtyard. Privacy is the watchword for the courtyard as expressed by maximizing interior relationships and openness, while excluding the exterior. In addition to its socio-cultural role as family gathering spaces, the courtyard provides daylight from the shade, airflow and thermal comfort inside the rooms of the house, factors that help to create more or less comfortable living conditions during the day and sleeping conditions at night. The main objective of this research is to investigate the impact of the courtyard’s socio environment quality on the degree of the occupant satisfaction as well as on their perceptual behaviour in traditional houses with central courtyards in the oasis of M'chouneche. The survey has been used as a method for data collection. A questionnaire was the tool addressed by the researcher in a face to-face mode with 18 householders. These latter lived in these traditional houses. The analysis of the collected data was undertaken by using STATISTICA software and mainly based on descriptive and inferential statistics. The results illustrate the influence of the socio-cultural and organizational role that the courtyard plays on the level of user satisfaction. As conclusion, M’chouneche traditional courtyard houses were designed founded on a considerable interest to climatic requirements in their socio-cultural context, in order to provide both physical and psychological comforts for residents.

Surabaya Metropolitan Area (SMA) comprising Gerbangkertosusila Region in East Java is the prime driver for the regional economic activity at the provincial and national scales. However, increasing regional economic growth has insignificantly contributed to environmental sustainability as shown by the ecological deficit. A suitable scenario should be formulated within this region during sustainability development. In general, carrying capacity is closely related to resource usage limits of people in a particular area. This study aimed to examine several scenarios using the dynamic systems method of ecological footprint approach analysis to formulate a strategy for environmental sustainability within SMA. An ecological footprint approach was used to identify natural resource consumption components and resource availability for each land use.

This paper contains a study of traditional vernacular architecture. A gender perspective review has been carried out at the ethnic residence of Kaili Da’a in the village of Balane, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. This study aims to formulate the spatial presence of women regarding Sapo (traditional houses) in their community. The research has been carried out using a phenomenological approach to uncover the phenomenon of the embodiment of women in Sapo, and their domain and power in the tradition of settling. The triangulation method has been carried out to analyse and validate the findings. Further disclosures are examined through the research subject’s pure consciousness of the field findings from the unit of information, which becomes an empirical theme and conceptual basis. The results show that mastery manifests constantly and continuously in the spatial setting of the Sapo. They also reveal that the Kaili Da’a is a female domain filled with spatial consciousness.

This study analysed blog data to examine visitors’ behavioural changes following the introduction of a bus rapid transit (BRT) system in Seoul to vitalise public transport. Using blog texts, we assessed the appearance frequency of numerous keywords, including “Jongno Street” (the target location), “public transportation,”, and “bus-only lane”, to identify and categorise frequently visited places and examine the changes in user behaviours before and after project implementation. Based on this analysis, we categorised the significant places into nine types (public spaces, cultural and religious places, open spaces, major places, historic sites, streets, and structures) in accordance with Jongno’s attributes. We found that the scope of visitors’ activities increased within a 1-km radius of the bus station and most people visited open spaces, streets, and major places and engaged in various activities before reaching their final destination. The visitors who used public transport often walked to their destinations within a 1-km radius. This showed that the BRT system implemented on Jongno Street contributed to the creation of a vigorous, walkable urban environment.

Although the horizontal expansion of cities is mentioned in the literature as one of the reasons for the decline and instability of the central core, this study intends to show, by using spatial analysis models, such as Getis-Ord Gi and Grouping Analysis, and the spatial diffusion approach, that this conclusion differs in small cities. The study area is Torqabeh City, located in the northeast of Iran with a population of 20,998. Since 2006 the city has experienced rapid physical expansion with an annual growth rate of 5.27%. The research variables were population number, number of women, elderly, young, employed, unemployed and illiterate. The analysis was performed on 1,476 urban blocks across 1996, 2006 and 2016. The results indicated that before 2006, the central core as a "hot spot" was the origin of all population groups and was distinct from other urban areas. However, after 2006, population groups with the dominant pattern of "contagious diffusion" left the central core and settled around it. The outcomes of these changes did not show signs of decline and instability of the central core of Torqabeh in response to rapid physical expansion. This may be due to the failure of the new areas to play the role of a destination for the spatial diffusion of population groups and the lack of change in the position of the central core from a "hot spot" to a "cold spot". On the other hand, the diffusion of population groups from the central core to the peripheral areas, connected to the core in Torqabeh City, caused these areas to be similar to the central core and indicated the different condition of this city when compared to central core changes in big cities.

This study aims to find the factors influencing prices of luxurious condominiums within 1-km radius of urban rail transit stations in Bangkok CBD, where the property value rapidly increases since last decade. According to recorded data, the average price of condominiums in CBD is higher, nearly 28% during 2016-2019. Besides, the growth of luxurious condominium in these areas grows higher sharply. 52% of new condominiums are above Luxury class while housing affordability of Bangkok’s largest population is too low. Also, urban policy cannot control the unpredictable price of condominiums in CBD. As a tool for urban planners, post-windfall gain tax would be collected from real estate developers who get uplift property values as result of public infrastructure planning. It would be used to fund infrastructure such as transit, affordable housing. This paper can recommend urban policy planners which factors influencing unpredictable price of luxurious condominium in CBD should be considered in condition of windfall profit taxation. In addition, results suggest developers to set more reasonable price of new luxurious condominiums near rail station in CBD. In this study, 55 luxurious condominiums constructed within 5 years are research samples. Hedonic approach is applied to study the effects of location, structural and neighborhood attributes of luxurious condominium price in Bangkok CBD. Results are shown 6 key attributes; the number of units, percentage of car parking space/unit, locating private recreation park within project area, rate of common area fee, location of building in street corner and distance to expressway are interrelated to luxurious condominium price near urban rail transit stations in Bangkok CBD.

The number of shrinking cities is rapidly growing and posing new planning and design challenges worldwide. In this regard, understanding urban decline from an integrated ecosystem services/disservices perspective is limited in the literature and is considered as a critical basis for revitalization programs. Minoo Island as one of the emerging shrinking cases in Middle East has considerable characteristics in terms of both positive and negative aspects of ecosystem in population decline. This paper aims to investigate various ecosystem factors resulting in urban shrinkage in Minoo Island as a consequence of the Iran-Iraq war in 1980s. The research method of this study is based on qualitative assessment of ecosystem services/disservices by using participant observation and semi-structured interviews. An integrated ecosystem services/disservice analysis was applied for assessment of ecological functions and assets. The results of this paper show that despite remarkable ecosystem potentials and functionalities in Minoo Island, it suffers from detrimental effects of ecosystem disservices leading to population decline over the past decades. Finally, this paper proposed some green-oriented design and planning strategies such as ecological protection, river restoration and green infrastructures for revitalizing Minoo Island.

Fast-food drive-throughs are a common feature in our fast-paced lives where convenience and service access are highly prized. This convenience comes at a high environmental price: long queues of idling vehicles guzzle fuel and generate emissions linked to global warming and health concerns. Drive throughs also generate significant income for franchisees and reduce parking requirements at fast-food outlets. Fast-food and drive-throughs are becoming more prevalent in the developing world at a time when these countries are facing rapidly increasing traffic congestion, driven by a desire for private transport use. This study considers aspects of sustainability of drive-throughs according to the mobility paradigm in the developing world, where vehicle centric urban form and rapid development are contributing to a mobility crisis. The drive-through is a prime example of capitalist vehicle-centric urban form. This paper is intended as a starting point for discussion on drive-through appropriateness in developing countries. Only two aspects of drive-through operations are considered in this initial investigation: the cost of using a drive through (fuel cost and environmental cost, approximated by the emissions load), and the space saving benefit realized by eliminating parking. This research found that drive-throughs save substantial land area by reducing parking and stimulate higher profits, making it unlikely that drive-throughs will be phased out, even with the significant environmental impact of drive throughs quantified in this paper. Recommendations for improved operations of drive-throughs are therefore suggested to mitigate long idling times in drive-through queues, and a call for more sustainable land-use planning is proposed.