This paper deals with the statistics for death due to gastric cancer from 1004 to 1070 in Hokkaido, Japan. Statistical observations of gastric cancer on the distribution by district as detected by mass screening surveys performed mainly by the Hokkaido Anti-cancer Association and for gastric cancer handled by the Hokkaido Cancer Center.
Hokkaido has a population of approximately 5, 100, 000 to 5, 200, 000 individuals for past 6 years. The total number of deaths due to cancer was approximately 4, 000 to 5, 300 anually.
The annual increase of deaths due to cancer has been approximately two hundred. The corrected mortality figures are 110 to 120 on the average per one hundred thousand population. Among these deaths gastric cancer represent 45-48 deaths. Gastric cancer in males averaged 58 and females 35. The number of deaths by gastric cancer classified by decade showed a peak in the sixties for both sexes.
In 1969 the peak shifted to seventy decade that represents a prolongation of life expectancy.
The numbers of deaths caused by cancer in each local Hokkaido district in 1969 as classified by each area branch office was as follows.
The entire death rate by cancer in males was 120/10⁴ population and deaths by gastric cancer was 52.9/10⁴. According to classification by district it was 71.3, 66.8, 66.0 and 62.6 in the order of Shiribeshi, Oshima, Soya and Hiyama. The corresponding death rate for females due to cancer was 83.1 and the death rate for gastric cancer was 27.9.
Accoding to classification by district it was 42.4, 35.8, 34.8, and 33.9 in the order of Hiyama, Oshima, Hidaka and Sorachi. It must not be concluded, however, that these are the regions where gastric cancer is truly more prevalent since a skew occurs since these areas have so few younger and middle aged men with a consequent spurious increased rate.
The number of gastric cancers detected by mass surveys was 336 for 8 years from 1969 through 1970. It was 0.07-0.12% annually in a population of 360, 000 being surveyed in close agreement with figures for the whole of Japan. No differences by district have been noted to the present time. Among 434 gastric cancers detected by the Hokkaido Cancer Center from 1967 through June 1971, a period of 41/2 years, 73 (16.8%) were detected by mass surveys and 361 (83.2%) by outpatient clinics. Among 263 cancer cases surgically treated, 62 (23.6%) were detected by mass surveys and 201 (76.4%) on an outpatient basis.
Among 213 cases of resected cancer 56 (26.3%) were detected by mass surveys and 157 (73.7%) by outpatient clinics.
Early gastric cancer was detected in 36 (58.1%) by mass surveys and 26 (41.9%) by outpatient clinics. The figures represent the important of mass surveys for stomach diseases in Japan.

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Cardiac glycosides have a significant role in cardiac surgery to control preoperative heart failure and especially to overcome acute postoperative cardiac failure in safe.
Its effect on myocardial contractility, oxygen debt, dp/dt and cardiac output is favourable to prevent cardiac failure even in nonfailing heart with cardiac disease.
Considering these points, we use cardiac glycosides prophyractically on preoperative patients, even who have no cardiac failure.
In this paper, we described our pre-and post-operative medication.

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In usual EKG recordings, chest leads consisted of six leads (V-1 to V-6). But in our studies 30 to 40 chest leads covering whole area of anterior thorax were recorded in order to study the P wave polarity. On the right side of anterior thorax, P waves are usually negative, and they were positive on the left side.
The borderline between the positive and the negative P wave areas situated about one inch aside along the right sternal border in healthy adults. On the borderline, P waves were biphasic in configuration. In patients with mitral stenosis, this borderline had shifted to the left side, and existed on the midsternal line. The interesting phenomenon was that this midsternal borderline of mitral stenosis moved further to the left side on physical exercises. This kind of phenomenon was never noted in patients without mitral stenosis. Authors concluded that this phenomenon was due to the increase of the left atrial pressure as well as the left atrial volume that were induced by exercises.

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1 The leprosy consists in the proliferation of granulomatous cells for a long period of time.
Lepromatous leprosy is formed of the endothelial cells and the round cells, containing lymphocytes and plasma cells. The tissue changes in leprosy, as above mentioned, occur in the skin, mucous membranes and in the peripheral nerves and besides in the viscera.
In tuberculoid leprosy, the lesion may be seen in the skin and in the peripheral nerves. The lesions consist of the endothelial cells (especially, epithelioid cells) and the round cells.
2 The endothelial cells belong to histiocytic cells, that is, GcuEbsdkn after Lubarsch, resembling to endothel cells in the blood vessel. The author classified the endothelial cells into three types: endothel-like, monocytic and epithelioid cells.
The round cells include lymphocytes and plasma cells. The endothelial cells are derived from the mesenchymal cells in the intimal and adventitial cells in blood and lymphatic vessels.
3 The granulation tissues owing to the endothelial cells are liable to degenerate or to be broken, consequently, they may be transformed into hyaloid or coarse connective tissue, and are destined to extinguish in the long run. Up to the present, we could not prove the existence of fibrous tissue in leprous granulation, and could not bring forth any scarring or recovery.
4 In the lesional tissue in lepromatous leprosy, occur diffuse vasculitis including necrotizing, proliferatioe and destructive vasculitis, besides periarteritis nodosa. On the other hand, penarteriolar cell aggregation in the adventitial tissue of the blood vessels may occasionally be seen.
5 When the functions of the R. E. S. in leprosy highly become feeble, consequently, phagocytes, in general, decrease and also immunological functions against the disease decline and may be gradually diminished. It is, as it were, the tissues in the R. E. S. in leprosy, generally, become atrophic and defensive power against leprosy bacilli become gradually decreased.
6 There occur a small number of, but sometimes abundant of phagocytes in the tissue; but phagocytec function of the R. E. S. upon leprosy bacilli are not so active.
The lepra cells are characteristic phagocytes in lepromatous leprosy. The one is due to R. E. cells, the other are the essential lepra cells, which may be derived from the endothelial cells, in particular, the latter are the characteristic lepra cells.
7 In lepromatous leprosy may be occurred, sometimes, allergic reactions, such as the lepra reactions and others. The lepra reactions may be arisen owing to the specific hypersensitivity caused by the autoimmune disturbances in leprosy. These autosensitivity reactions upon lepromatous leprosy are very resembling to the immunological phenomena in collagen diseases, which occur owing to paradoxical reactions to the fibrinoid alterations in the connective tissue of the disease.

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A new card system was developed for definit diagnosis and safety treatment of amblyopic and squint patient. Patients who visited the Amblyopic and Squint Eye Clinic of the Zentsuji National Hospital during last ten months were examined repeatedly under the provision of the card and treated thereafter. The results indicated that this method was very useful for preventing possible error in the application of the treatment.

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Recently the interest in the early diagnosis or care for the acoustic tumor has been increasing and new ways to diagnose or to koperate are being devised. We report here a experience in which we could entirely remove the acoustic tumor found comparably earlier through the translabyrinthine approach. The case was a 21-years-old man whose chief complaints were vertigo, left ear deafness and left facial paresis. The hearing test showed entirely deaf on the left ear; the vestibular examination showed right gaze nystagmus and positional nystagmus to the right; Mann's test was positive; stepping test showed remarkable unsteadiness; the left ear had no reaction on the caloric test and a dead labyrinth of the left ear was observed clinically. Also the expansion of the left internal auditory meatus was found through Stenvers and Towne roentgenographing.
From those views we diagnose him as a left acoustic tumor and performed the suboccipital craniotomy. As the result of the operation, the tumor could not be found at the cerebellopontine angle and we tried to magnify the internal auditory meatus in vain, so we only collect the biopsy from the meatus. During the operation the facial nerve was damaged. As the tumor was supposed to be found only in the internal auditory meatus, we determined to perform the removal of the acoustic tumor through the translabyrinthine approach. We incised the postauricle and the mastoid cavity, exposed the facial nerve, opened the horizontal, posterior and anterior semicircular canal, removed the cochlea, and reached the internal auditory meatus. On incision of the dura of the meatus, the yellow-white tumor, which was covered with a thin capsule and was as large as a red bean, was found. We removed it with a forceps under operating microscope, set a gelfoam in the internal auditory meatus, filled the mastoid cavity with the pedicle temporal muscle flap, and primary stitched up the postauricle. The result of the histopathological examination of the tumor proved to be neuro-fibroma.
The patient has been favorably well, 10 months after the operation.

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A case of blind ending bifid ureter on the right side, a 33-years old male, was reported.
This bifid ureter was branched off the right original ureter at the place about 3cm distant from the bladder-wall, 12cm in length and 1.5cm in width, and at the blind end 10 stones were held, but the tissue of kidney was not recognized histologically.

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