After the end of the old science of the 20th century, the 21st century shows a new era focused on human coexistent relationship. We need a new medical system, Integrative Medicine, beyond the gap between Eastern and Western medicine. The new humanistic medical system should be constructed by harmonized collaboration with modem Western medicine and Alternative, Complementary & Traditional Medicine for success.

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The majority of complementary/alternative medicines (CAMs) approach the mind and spirit while Western medicine only focuses on the body. It can be said that CAM is a methodology that empowers one's life field. The essential nature of CAM can be explained by the concept of "Salutogenesis," which regards that we exist somewhere between the point of "healthy" and that of "ill." This is a totally different concept from that of western medicine, which tries to label us either as "healthy" or as "ill." We can go forward step by step with CAM while dreaming of a miracle, a complete cure from disease. In this paper, we attempt to explain the fundamental nature of CAM by analogizing it with Ichiro's batting, which always tries to make a single hit while not giving up on the chance of a home run.

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The ultimum goal of eliminating diseases and maintaining normal health is the same in both western (modern) medicine and oriental (traditional) medicine. At the present time, western medicine tends to take a more scientific and technological approach, while oriental medicine still maintains a more humanistic approach. 5000 year old traditional medicine still challenges the 21 century scientific modem medicine in the field of clinical practices. "Disease-oriented" western medicine classifies the human condition as "diseased and non-diseased" states. In the mean time, the "health-oriented" oriental medicine classifies it into "healthy and unhealthy" states. For the maintenance of normal health, five principles are emphasized. They are 1) eat right, 2) move right, 3) sleep right, 4) breathe right, and 5) mind right. To reverse an unhealthy condition back to the normal healthy state, the methods of 1) natural substance therapy, 2) exercise therapy, and 3) stimulation therapies, which include acupuncture, moxibustion, finger pressure, and cupping techniques. In order to eliminate diseases, four distinct approaches, namely 1) chemical, 2) physical, 3) psychological, and 4) surgical treatments, are utilized. There are many different kinds of traditional medicine, hidden popular folk medicine, and various less recognized techniques and theories of healing arts. Some are originated in oriental culture, while others are originated in western culture. Experts of western medicine claim that only that information clarified or proven by objective and scientific methodology can be recognized as a part of western (conventional) medicine. All other medical cares and health care modalities are collectively labelled as "alternative medicine or complementary medicine". According to the most recent definition of health by WHO, "total health should include physical, mental, psych-social, and spiritual well-being". Alternative medicine provides a wider range of methodologies to handle this new concept of total health. Oriental medicine and alternative medicine share a common characteristics in that they adopt a humanistic approach to care for the whole person, that is to "heal a person" and not merely to "cure an organic disease". The mind consists of emotion, knowing, consciousness, intuition, and a soul factor, whereas the body consists of form, strength, energy field, vital force, and a genetic factor. When all ten of these mind-body factors are in harmony and balance with each other, the healing mechanism is activated to its maximal level. Accordingly, total health can be achieved only when they are in full harmony.

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This presentation will present the quantity and quality of scientific information in five central areasrelated to spiritual healing. These include: 1) The Health Impact Of Religious And Spiritual Practices, 2) Intercessory Prayer and Healing Prayer, 3) Research on Mind-Matter Interactions (MMI), 4) Direct mental influence on living systems (DMILS), 5) Non-instrumental - "Energy" Healing methods, and 6) The Impact of Healing in a Clinical Setting. Implications of these investigations for the future of spiritual healing, energy medicine and intentionality studies will be discussed.

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This is a part of the report on basic pilot experimental researches on external "qi" or "ki", healing and telepathy in the Bio-Emission Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), in Japan. Qi/ki is a basic concept towards life within oriental philosophy and is a subtle energy. Some qigong masters (sender) cause body movements in others (receivers) or cure diseases without any physical contact. These masters claim that they use qi/ki. However, it is considered that suggestion must be involved. The purpose of these researches is to evaluate whether or not there is something other than suggestion. The authors carried out scientific experiments using double blinded and randomized conditions and statistical analysis. Experiments in Toh-ate: Toh-ate is a Japanese martial arts skill used to attack a person (receiver) who is at a distance of several meters from the attacker (sender). When the sender applies Toh-ate, the receiver steps back rapidly without any physical contact. In the experiment, the sender and a receiver were separated in different rooms. The time difference between the sender's motion of qi-emission and the receiver's recoil response and physiological parameters were measured. The result on a pair of sender and receiver shows 1% statistical significance in the time coincidence. Other pairs show interesting results. Experiment of perception of qi transfer: In this experiment, it was shown that a receiver even in a sensory-shielded state perceived qi sent from a qigong master. The difference in EEG alpha-wave intensity of the receiver is significant between qi sending and non-sending times. Experiment on cultured human cells: It is shown that the number of formed colonies after exposure to X-rays which were healed by external qi was double that of the control. These results show the possibility that there are some other effects than just suggestion.

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For "Human Potential Science", a new budget item, "Pilot Research Program - Towards the Creation of New Paradigm -", is being supported by Japanese governmental funds for 3 years from 2000 as a result of promotion. The three main themes of the programs are being carried out at more than ten institutions in Japan. They are: 1. study on human potential in physics and physiology; 2. research on human body science towards traditional ways of keeping health and mind body training methods; and 3. basic study on psychological therapy. Active academic societies in human potential science are introduced, for example, the International Society of Life Information Science (ISLIS) which publishes the Journal of the International Society of Life Information Science twice a year in English. "The Human Potential Science" International Forum (Human PSI Forum) is held by ISLIS and other groups in Chiba, Japan on 22-27 August 2002. The International Research Institute (IRI) including research in human potential science was founded in Japan in October 2001.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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We should reconsider our current paradigm for this 21st century. In the 20th century, efficiency was given the highest priority, and we pursued material satisfaction. We now need to move away from such materialism and to create a new paradigm which contributes to spiritual satisfaction. Research on "mind, spirit, soul, and consciousness" will be one of the most important research areas. In this lecture experimental data related to anomalous phenomena and potential human abilities are reported. Through these data, the directions of science and technology for the 21st century are discussed.

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We carried out clairvoyance experiments and obtained several physiological values to clarify the phenomenon of clairvoyance. We found that the subject's sympathetic nervous system acted strongly and that her parasympathetic nervous system strengthened instantaneously. At this time, the blood flow in both her neck and forehead increased. Furthermore, her blood pressure increased, and the oxygen level in the blood decreased. We thought these effects were due to her brain's consumption of so much oxygen as well as energy. A vibration phenomenon was found in the GSR data. EEG topography showed that her visual area and the frontal lobe became active when this phenomenon appeared. The electrical potential of those areas rose quickly; when the potential between two points rose, those points were connected. We found that the physiological data changed greatly when the activity of the right side of the brain became high, particularly in the frontal lobe. We also conducted an another experiment in physiologically moving an object without any physical contact. When she showed her skill, the oxygen density in blood decreased, and it was similar to non-visual recognition, even if the blood flow in her neck increased. As for the time that she was in the practice period, the temperature of her left hand and her left foot decreased. In the time when she used her power, her state of breathing changed. The vibration phenomenon seen in the GSR data appeared in this experiment. This vibration frequency was in the domain of δ wave for brain waves at 1.4 Hz. Brain waves such as an EMG were sometimes seen, and δ waves appeared powerfully, though a short time at a area with a possible period. These δ waves occurred in the middle of her left frontal lobe and her temporal field, and a range active at the left coronal section of the head opened. It is thought that when the object moved to other place, action potential of the δ waves were the highest. Although non-visual recognition occurred in her right brain, this activity domain during moving a pill was reversed.

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The KPU was set up in 1985, "to conduct systematic and responsible research into the capacity attributed to some individuals to interact with their environments by means other than the recognised sensori-motor channels". If such a capacity exists, then it represents an aspect of mental life that may have profound implications for the nature of mind and of human consciousness. One or more new sets of mechanisms may be responsible, making new aspects of physics or even new means of direct interaction between mind and matter. The research of our Unit involves three main areas: the study of physical factors as they may influence our brains and mental abilities; the study of the psychological experience, including how we interpret such experiences, what conditions are conducive to these experiences, what cognitive processes are involved, and what psychological explanations there may be for such experiences; and the implications of such experiences, for philosophy, for the person and for society as a whole. If we are to evaluate such experiences, we must take into account at least twelve kinds of interpretations of them: co-incidence, inadequate observation, misinterpretation of observation, inadequate storage and retrieval of memories, hidden physical factors, self-deception, deception by others, functional distortion of information processing, biological distortion of information processing, physical factors not well understood, presently unknown natural processes and causation beyond nature. The first ten involve current scientific knowledge; the eleventh involves the kind of new knowledge being generated by parapsychology; and the twelfth involves possible super-natural effects, beyond those that science can investigate. As part of the above, some of our research does include how people form and maintain beliefs, including beliefs that when carried to extremes can be dysfunctional to those involved. In addition to the above, some of our research deals with what appear to be genuine instances of psychic functioning. For instance, we study the ability of one individual to influence the level of arousal or concentration of another person at a distance. We also study the ability of individuals in mild sensory deprivation to be influenced by vivid film material displayed on a remote monitor. Both have produced good positive results in our own research and elsewhere. The latter procedure has produced especially strong results with highly creative participants. These findings, taken together, do indicate that we have abilities to interact with our environments using means well beyond those of conventional physics, biology and psychology. This in turn suggests that, until the full range of mechanisms involved becomes more completely understood, our knowledge of ourselves and of the nature of consciousness will remain very incomplete.

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Te Yi Gong Neng (special human functions or consciousness power) is an important part of human body science. Chinese scientist Professor Qian Xue-sen has said. In China we have been carrying out research for 20 years, and a dispute has occurred about objectivity among the scientific community. The point at issue was the credibility of Te Yi Gong Neng phenomena; some scholars said that they were abnormal, others called them fakes which deviated from the principle of natural science and were magic, tricks, etc. People criticized and negated the phenomenon. On the other hand, some scholars accepted them with sincerity and studied them repeatedly. As a result of many measurements using scientific observations and all scientific means that can be used and inquiring, Te Yi Gong Neng reached a status that these were objective facts. Moreover, many nature orders were observed in the Te Yi Gong Neng. The human body is a macro system which is open, complicated and has consciousness. Qi and the circulatory system are important parameters hidden in the macro system called the human body, so studying the phenomena of Te Yi Gong Neng can not only deepen understanding of the human body, but also can lead to further progress in human society. This study may touch off the science in the 21st century and cause an even more meaningful scientific revolution that that brought by the theories of relativity and quantum mechanics. Here we report some interesting results and theories that were studied about unique perception seen from many phenomena of Te Yi Gong Neng. 〓〓Also, we introduce briefly some bold hypotheses in research on the mechanism of Te Yi Gong Neng, for example, Gong Neng Tai Shuo (special human functions state theory), a kind of electromagnetic field theory, and a multi-dimension space theory, etc. We hope this presentation promotes debate among the international scientists at the conference and reading the Journal of ISLIS.

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The present study examined the neural substrates of anticipation in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Ten subjects were scanned while 48 pictures were presented. Each stimulus sequence started with the 4.2 seconds presentation of a fixation point before and during which the anticipation was measured. After the exposure of the stimulus picture which lasted also 4.2 second there was a period of 8.4 seconds during which the subject was supposed to recover from the stimulus presentation. It is found that large parts of the visual cortex do show larger activity after emotional stimuli than after calm. All brain regions that show a difference have also a response on calms except for regions that are at or near the amygdala. Here violent and erotic stimuli do generate a response but the response on calm stimuli is flat. Anticipatory effects tend to influence baseline values and hence influence the response values. This might be a problem if the subject is guessing the upcoming stimulus condition correctly but with proper randomization this is theoretically impossible. Great care was taken to randomize stimulus conditions with replacement while using different pictures for each stimulus presentation. Results suggest that, in spite of proper randomization, anticipatory activation preceding emotional stimuli is larger than the anticipatory activation preceding neutral stimuli. For the male subjects this appeared before the erotic stimuli while for the female both erotic and violent stimuli produced this anomalous effect. Possible normal explanations of this apparent anomaly, also called 'presentiment', are discussed. Most notably the possibility that this effect is just a result of 'fishing' for the right analysis out of many possible analyses. Exploratory results are presented dealing with differential effects in the responses to emotional stimuli and calm visual stimuli.

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For studying what difference exists between a Ki master and a Ki beginner in Kiatsu Rhoho as a method to promote human health by sending the Ki of the universe to a damaged part of a patient's body, ta physiological experiment was carried out, where a lot of particularly distinguishable phenomena were observed. The difference in the physiological effect between the two subjects is presented.

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Human bodies maintain their systems under influences of various vibrations. In this study, influences of vibrations to organs are investigated from the point of mechanical engineering view through time series analyses. The heart and the vocal cords are regarded as the input sources of vibrations. The influences of vibrations that appear in organs are analyzed quantitatively through the six sets of time series of pulse waves measured by the pulse diagnosis sensors at the six points on the both wrists. A qualitative and quantitative investigation about so called pulse diagnosis is the first purpose in this study when the vibration source is the heart, and the second is a study on the effectiveness of the qigong called six sound qigong by using the pulse diagnosis when the vocal cords are the vibration sources. This study is still in preparation now, so the theories are mainly mentioned in this paper.

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Although Qi-training is known to exert a positive effect on stabilizing cardiovascular and pulmonary functions, its effect on other components of the blood gases have been less studied. In this study, we investigated the changes of the venous blood gas concentrations and pH during pre-, mid- and post-time of ChunDoSunBup (CDSB) Qi-trainihg. Twelve normal healthy CDSB Qi-trainees volunteered to participated in this study. The venous blood concentrations of PCO_2 and PO_2 were significantly changed by Qi-training [PO_2: F(4,40)=7.38, p<0.01, PCO_2: F(4,40)=7.67,p<0.01]. The mean value of PO_2, increased during CDSB Qi-training by 1.13kPa (about 35.6 %) compared to the pre-training (t=-10min). Also, there were significant differences at t=40min(p<0.01) and t=60min (p<0.05). During Qi-training. the mean decrease of PCO_2 was 0.8kPa (about 10%), significantly different from pre-training at t=40min (p<0.01) and t=60min (p<0.01). The increases in PO_2 and pH and the decrease in PCO_2 were observed in venous blood. From these results, it is suggested that the practical application of CDSB Qi-training may exert a positive regulatory function on the physiological status.

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Six volunteers participated in a graded exercise test and one hour of basic form of ChunDoSunBup(CDSB) Qi-training to investigate the cardiorespiratory responses and exercise intensity of Qi-training. CDSB Qi-training induced significant changes in oxygen consumption(V0_2/l,VO_2/kg), carbon dioxide production (VCO_2/l), ventilation (VE/l), heart rate (HR/beats/min), breath frequency(BF/min), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) tidal volume(VT), and metabolic rate (MET). The exercise intensity of Qi-training was 42.3%, 46.7 % and 38.8% of HR_<max> during the sound exercise, slow motion (haeng-gong) and meditation, respectively, and the average was 42.6% of HR_<max> We conclude that CDSB Qi-training is an aerobic, light intensity exercise, which leads to a decrease of the metabolic rate in the trainee by breathing efficiently and relaxing them. In addition, CDSB Qi-training may affect the cardiorespiratory function and metabolic rate in trainees.

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Shiatsu massage on the cervico-brachial area is useful in inducing psychosomatic relaxation to reduce strain, anxiety and prevent unpleasant postoperative symptoms in dental patients. Here we clinically and objectively observed the difference in effect when Shiatsu is applied with 'Qi' (life energy) consciously wishing to heal the patient and when Shiatsu is simply applied mechanically.

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We compared the effectiveness of TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation), that stimulates nerves using plate electrodes over the skin, and TEAS (Transcutaneous Electrical Acupuncture - point Stimulation), that can yield maximum effect by concentrating small stimulation over acupuncture points, in inducing muscular relaxation and psychosomatic relaxation. MKG and EMG stability indices indicated that both stimulation methods reduced muscle tension and improved autonomic nerve function but, based on MV and EEG, we understood that the acupuncture point stimulation of the TEAS was more effective in balancing central nerve function and inducing psychosomatic relaxation.

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Through observation of plethysmography (PTG), body compressive elasticity system (BCES), change in gingival blood-flow rate, EEG topogram and effectiveness in preventing unpleasant postoperative symptoms after complicated tooth extraction, we examined the usefulness of preoperative application of Transcutaneous Electilcal Acupuncture-point Stimulation (TEAS) and Shiatsu massage on the cervico - brachial area in inducing psychosomatic relaxation, reducing patient anxiety and tension before intrusive operations and preventing the manifestation of unpleasant postoperative symptoms.

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The new concept "Hado" has been proposed, and the Hado analyzer has been developed as a device that can measure the degree of healthiness and the degree of disease progression as well as qualities of dental materials. However, these measurements are greatly affected by operator-related factors, including operator's technical skill and emotional condition at the time of analysis. Moreover, interpretation of assessment results also varies among investigators. In the present study, 11 kinds of dental materials, placed in contact with the teeth during actual use, were measured by operators with different skills, using the magnetic inspired resonance spectrum (MIRS), and differences in measurements obtained were evaluated. Measurements were also made for subjects by experienced MIRS operators, and the results were evaluated and compared, in order to determine whether compatibility between the subject and each material could be evaluated, rather than comparison among dental materials.

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We have developed an oral cavity rehabilitation apparatus "Patakala" and labial-closure-strength measuring apparatus "Lip-de-Cum". In this study, we measured the labial-closure strength of 3-20yr old subjects and have studied the change of the strength along with physical development. The labial-closure strength was fully developed at the age of 18-20yrs for both males (14N) and females (12N).

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Research was carried out to measure the changes of L-C-S (Labial-Closure-Strength) due to aging. Numbers of subjects were: 761 adults (20 to 59 yrs old) and 170 elderly (60 to 89 yrs old), total of 931 subjects. L-C-S is fully developed at the age of about 18-20yrs for both males and females. L-C-S was 14-16N for males and 10-12N for females. These numbers showed only slight change until 60, but after this age the strength declined gradually due to age. L-C-S of healthy adults, both males and females in every age group were 3-4N higher than adults with diseases.

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The TMJ (temporomandibular joint) can be hypothesized to be a meridian pump in Oriental medicine. The TMJ pump functions and capillarity works on the meridian which consists of three streams. In my research, many humoniaes (83%) practice right bite. It may be because the meridian on the left side of a person is weakened and the left bronchus bends. The skull bone movement of Professor Sazarland's theoty may be the same as meridian stream direction. All meridians begin and end around TMJ. Only the large intensive meridian, Hegu, ends in the skull bone. The Hegu meridian works specially in clinic treatments. My presentation is by an inductive method.

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This paper describes meridian functions with respect to processing minute information. We examined differences in physiological effects on radiation with light emitting diodes (LEDs) and measured them using electroencephalography (EEG) and the single square voltage pulse method. The results demonstrated that the reactions changed with wavelengths. We suggest that the meridian system senses minute information and may affect the subconscious.

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In order to quantitatively evaluate the effect of acupuncture stimulation as traditional Oriental therapy on the recovery from eye fatigue induced by VDT (visual display terminal) work, changes in the critical fusion frequency were measured. Two subject groups were examined: one group consisted of shorttime (about 1 hr/day) VDT workers and the other group consisted of a long-time (about 7 hr/day) VDT worker. The resulting findings were as follows. The critical fusion frequency after acupuncture stimulation significantly increased (i.e., the fatigue was recovered) more than that after no stimulation, at relatively early stages of the stimulation course. As an entire tendency, the recovery time of the critical fusion frequency was shortened by the stimulation, depending on the stimulation time. The recovery rate of eye fatigue was the largest at the earliest stage, 4 minutes, and gradually decreased at the following stages of the stimulation course. In the case of the long-time VDT worker, the decrease in the critical fusion frequency after a VDT work test (8 min) was relatively small, and the value of the critical fusion frequency after 12 minutes of stimulation became larger than the initial value. These experimental results suggest that, as a preventive medicine, acupuncture stimulation can considerably help to relieve eye fatigue, whether one is involved in VDT work or not.

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