映像情報メディア学会誌
Online ISSN : 1881-6908
Print ISSN : 1342-6907
ISSN-L : 1342-6907
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60 巻, 4 号
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論文小特集 3次元映像情報メディア技術
小特集論文
  • ガラス面上を流れる水滴の形状変化の表現
    五十住 拓哉, 田中 敏光, 佐川 雄二, 杉江 昇
    2006 年 60 巻 4 号 p. 538-544
    発行日: 2006/04/01
    公開日: 2008/03/07
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.538
    ジャーナル フリー
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    To display realistic water drops on glass surfaces, we added a new method, that controls the shape change of water drops, to the conventional motion control method. The shape of a water drop was defined as a sphere or a metaball in the conventional method. However, this is too simple and un realistic. In addition, the shape variance based on the time water marks were created by the movement of water drops was not correctly displayed. Thus we defined a water drop as one mainmetaball surrounded by some submetaballs. By controlling the distances of the submetaballs from the mainmetaball, we can display complex shapes. For example, we can give a different shape to each water drop, which can be changed based on its states like generation, movement, union, separation, etc. Since the motion of each water drop is computed from the position and speed of the mainmetaball, conventional motion control methods can be used.
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  • 3次元物体の形状・表面特性の獲得および表現手法
    古川 亮, 川崎 洋, 中村 泰明, 大澤 裕
    2006 年 60 巻 4 号 p. 545-552
    発行日: 2006/04/01
    公開日: 2008/03/07
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.545
    ジャーナル フリー
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    In this paper, we developed a method for sampling and modeling reflectance of 3-D objects and performing real-time rendering of modeled objects. Our method can be used to render modeled objects from an arbitrary viewing direction with illuminations from point lights at any given place or with any illumination map. To achieve this goal, we developed a platform that can sample appearances of target objects with 4DOFs parameters of light and viewing directions. Light-dependent variations of sampled data were approximated using spherical harmonics functions as bases. To render a modeled object, we generated its appearance by synthesizing the effects of illuminations using spherical harmonics functions and by interpolating between sampled viewing directions. The appearance was then texture-mapped to the shape model. Using our method, we could represent reflectance properties of surfaces of 3-D objects that were parametrized by 4DOFs light and viewing directions. We also successfully rendered the modeled objects using programmable vertex/pixel shaders with real-time performance.
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  • Skin-Off: 3次元ビデオ圧縮のためのテクスチャ指向型2次元平面展開法
    曽良 洋介, 波部 斉, 松山 隆司
    2006 年 60 巻 4 号 p. 553-560
    発行日: 2006/04/01
    公開日: 2008/03/07
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.553
    ジャーナル フリー
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    3-D video records dynamic 3-D visual events as is. Applications of 3-D video include wide varieties of human activities. For promoting these applications in everyday life, a standardized compression scheme for 3-D video is required. We developed a practical and effective scheme for representing and compressing 3-D video named “skin-off,” in which both the geometric and visual information are efficiently represented by cutting a 3-D mesh and mapping it onto a 2-D array. Skin-off has much in common with geometry images proposed by Gu et al. However, while geometry images use only 3-D surface shape information to generate 2-D images, skin-off uses both 3-D shape and texture information to generate them. This enables us to achieve higher image quality with limited bandwidth. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of skin-off.
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  • 同時摂動型最適化法を用いた適応型誤差拡散法による計算機合成ホログラムの位相コーディング
    松尾 大樹, 松島 恭治
    2006 年 60 巻 4 号 p. 561-568
    発行日: 2006/04/01
    公開日: 2008/03/07
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.561
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    In binary phase encoding of computer-generated holograms (CGHs), quantization usually decreases the quality of the reconstructed image. For reducing the quantization and coding noises, we developed an adaptive error-diffusion method by using the simultaneous perturbation algorithm in which the diffusion coefficients are adapted for the size and layout of the object. Furthermore, binary phase-encoded CGHs were fabricated by using a mask-transferring process. Its optical reconstructions and numerical reconstructions in a Fourier setup were demonstrated.
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小特集研究速報
 
論文
  • バッファを破綻させないMPEG-2ビデオストリームへの電子透かし埋込み制御方法
    伊藤 浩, 馬養 浩一, 高井 重典, 木村 智広, 鈴木 光義, 浅井 光太郎
    2006 年 60 巻 4 号 p. 580-588
    発行日: 2006/04/01
    公開日: 2008/03/07
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.580
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    We developed a technique for watermarking an MPEG-2 video stream. Our method keeps the bit rate strictly within that of the input stream. Although the need for keeping the rate of a watermarked stream under control has been recognized for many years, most proposals have controlled the watermark embedding at the DCT level. We have analyzed the syntax change due to watermarking and show that the change is closed in the slice containing the DCT coefficient to be modified, although it could propagate beyond the block boundary, sometimes even into successive macroblocks. Based on this analysis, we developed a new embedding algorithm to adjust the bit rate of the resulting stream precisely at the end of every slice. In our experiments, about 30-60% of watermarks were successfully embedded into 6-Mbps (bit/second) video stream without any increase in bit rate compared to unrestricted embedding.
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  • 自己運動感覚を誘導する視覚刺激に対する生体反応の分析
    後藤 玲子, 工藤 博章, 佐藤 耕平, 堀田 典生, 石田 浩司, 大西 昇
    2006 年 60 巻 4 号 p. 589-596
    発行日: 2006/04/01
    公開日: 2008/03/07
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.589
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    Visual stimuli during motion can induce a sense of physical discomfort. To examine the influence of visual stimuli on the human body, we studied autonomic responses when subjects watched videos of a roller-coaster ride and computer graphics at three different replay speeds. We measured the subjects' heart rates, mean blood pressures, respiration rates, and tidal volumes while they watched the video, and we focused on the relationship between the reaction and replay speeds. As a result, we found that the replay speed influences the heart rate, which changed greatly during a curve scene at double speed. Subjects' respiration rates increased the most when the replay speed was quadrupled during a curve scene.
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  • 家庭におけるテレビの観視条件
    窪田 悟, 嶋田 淳, 岡田 想, 中村 芳知, 城戸 恵美子
    2006 年 60 巻 4 号 p. 597-603
    発行日: 2006/04/01
    公開日: 2008/03/07
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.597
    ジャーナル フリー
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    A field survey and a web questionnaire survey were conducted for obtaining data about television viewing conditions at home. In the field survey, measurements were made concerning the illuminance and luminance of television screens and television viewing distances and angles for 275 viewing locations at 50 homes. In the web questionnaire survey, 290 families were asked about room size, present television screen size, desired television screen size, and viewing conditions. The results showed that the mean screen illuminance was 108 lx, and the mean luminance ratio of black and white was 72. The mean viewing distance was 266 cm, and the viewing-angle range was ±60 degrees from the horizontal, ±30 degrees from the vertical. Correlation analysis of screen sizes revealed that the best predictor of desired television screen size was the present television screen size.
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  • 反射フィールドに基づいた物体表面反射成分の分離
    Xiaohua Zhang, Kiichi Kobayashi, Suguru Saito, Masayuki Nakajima
    2006 年 60 巻 4 号 p. 609-617
    発行日: 2006/04/01
    公開日: 2008/03/07
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.609
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Light reflected from an object to a camera is a mixture of light from specular and diffuse reflection. This has important implications for many computer vision tasks, such as image matching and understanding. Many applications, for example, digital contents production, photorealistic image synthesis, and motion analysis, may require the diffuse and specular reflection to be separated. We present an approach for separating the diffuse and specular components of object surface reflection. This approach is based on the well-known dichromatic reflection model, however it separates reflections from reflectance fields constructed for every point on a 3-D object surface. Our method can prevent having to segment image into several uniformly-colored areas. Our method can thus separate reflection from an object surface with a complicated texture. We analyzed the properties of the reflectance field constructed from original frames and showed how to separate reflection components for each 3-D point. Experiments on real scenes showed that our method was successful.
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