The Journal of The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers
Online ISSN : 1881-6908
Print ISSN : 1342-6907
ISSN-L : 1342-6907
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Volume 60, Issue 9
Displaying 1-28 of 28 articles from this issue
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Focus
Special Edition
Key Technologies for Improving Rear Projection Displays
Technical Survey
Topics
Technical Guide
How Does Computer-Vision Imitate Human-Vision with the Latest Techniques?;
Practical Approaches to Avoid Difficulties
TV Cafe
Epoch-making Technologies
Keywords you should know
Visiting a Video Production Site
News
Papers · Short Papers
Special Section Display -Mainly from IDW/AD '05-
Papers
  • a-Si Gate Driver Designs for Low Power AMLCD Operation
    Keitaro Yamashita, Toshiya Inada, Steven Deane, Paul Collins, Satoshi ...
    2006 Volume 60 Issue 9 Pages 1405-1409
    Published: September 01, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.1405
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    We have developed two 1.8" QVGA (222dpi) transflective a-Si AMLCDs with integrated gate drivers. One is optimized for a very low power normal operating mode. The other can switch to an arbitrary partial scan mode. Gate driver integration results in narrow, symmetric margins, reduced cost, and fewer interconnections. Also, we minimized the number of connections to the display while retaining some to achieve very significant power reduction.
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  • Objective Evaluation Criterion of Grayscale Viewing Angle Characteristics by Subjective Evaluation Using Simulated Images
    Yuzo Hisatake, Masaki Obi, Hideki Ito, Kisako Takebayashi, Chigusa Tag ...
    2006 Volume 60 Issue 9 Pages 1410-1415
    Published: September 01, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.1410
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    The patience limit (PL) and just noticeable difference (JND) of various grayscale viewing angle characteristics were evaluated subjectively using simulated images. Ten test subjects evaluated four types of picture images. Each type consisted of eight different images; two kinds of reverse images, three kinds of black crushing images, and three kinds of white omission images. All the images had several grayscale difference levels. The results showed that the concernments depend not only on the kind of pictures but also significantly on the images. We propose a new evaluation criterion, criterion grayscale difference odiousness (CGDO) value, for evaluating grayscale viewing angle characteristics. The value is calculated integrating the gamma-curve shape and the difference in the grayscale level from the original one. In our results, the CGDO values at PL and JND are about 2.0 and 0.5, respectively. Therefore the CGDO values shall be 2.0 or less, and should be 0.5 or less for ideal TFT-LCD legibility.
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  • Diffusive-sheetless Backlight for Mobile Phone
    Akihiro Funamoto, Misato Yoshida, Kenji Sakurai, Makoto Ohira, Yasuhir ...
    2006 Volume 60 Issue 9 Pages 1416-1420
    Published: September 01, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.1416
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    Recently, due to need of the mobile phones to be more portable, there is strong expectation of backlight system for that application to be thinner and lighter along with the need to be brighter. To achieve this, we developed a sheetless backlight system that does not require the optical sheets that are usually required. Conventional backlight systems require a diffusive sheet and prism sheets to improve the uniformity and brightness respectively of the light emitted from the lightguide. The functions of these sheets were integrated onto a lightguide and the number of backlight components was reduced by 50%. We describe the method used to integrate the diffusive sheets' functions with the design of the prisms' random arrangement using prism size control.
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  • Electron Guns with Improved E4 Main Lens for Large-Screen Color TV Tubes
    Yasufumi Wada, Hiroyuki Tomoyasu, Tomonari Ishihara, Hiroji Morimoto
    2006 Volume 60 Issue 9 Pages 1421-1427
    Published: September 01, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.1421
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    To achieve excellent picture quality at low cost using electron guns in large-screen color TV tubes, an improved E4 main lens has been developed by generating a negative astigmatism at the entrance of the main lens while maintaining a strong positive astigmatism at the exit of the main lens. Enlarging the main lens diameter by 67% in the horizontal direction improved the focus performance of the guns even though a cheaper oxide cathode was used instead of an expensive impregnated cathode in a large-screen color TV tube (in which a high luminance is required). And the guns of both dynamic focus and non-dynamic (or static) focus types use the same design for each electrode, except for G3, which helps further cost reduction of the electron guns.
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  • Improvement of Characteristics of OTFT with Bottom-contact Structure and its application to a Flexible Liquid Crystal Display Panel
    Yoshihide Fujisaki, Toshiki Arai, Hiroshi Otake, Hirotaka Maruyama, Yo ...
    2006 Volume 60 Issue 9 Pages 1428-1434
    Published: September 01, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.1428
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    We developed an organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) -driven 16×16 polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) display panel on a flexible plastic film. We fabricated low-voltage-operation bottom-contact (BC) OTFT with Ta2O5 gate insulator, using photolithography method. This transistor is suitable for both scaling down and increasing the number of pixels, however its performance is inferior to that of top-contact OTFT because of contamination and defects on the surface of the insulator, and leakage-current of channel region. We have reduced the current of the OTFT by optimizing the pentacene deposition area. We used O2 plasma, UV cleaning and HMDS as surface treatments suitable for Ta2O5 gate insulator, to improve the characteristics. The OTFT showed a good carrier mobility of 0.3 cm2/Vs, a high current on/off ratio of over 106 and a low operating drain voltage of -6V. We also successively confirmed display operation of the fabricated 16×16 PDLC display panel with a low driving voltage of 13 volts.
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Short Papers
  • Measuring the Blur in Displays (“TF Method”) Based on Spatio-Temporal Sampling
    -Hold-Ratio in Displays Expressed by Equivalent Aperture Ratio of Cameras-
    Takahiko Fukinuki
    2006 Volume 60 Issue 9 Pages 1435-1438
    Published: September 01, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.1435
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    The blur in moving areas in liquid crystal displays (LCD) is generally analyzed by spatio-temporal sampling. The hold-ratio of an LCD can be measured by using the “TF method”: moving picture with an aperture ratio of zero is displayed on an LCD, and ones with various aperture ratios are displayed on a CRT. Comparison of these pictures shows the hold-ratio can be expressed by the equivalent aperture ratio.
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  • Tow-Dimensional Simulation of Electric Field and Carrier Distribution of Low-Temperature n-Channel Poly-Si TFTs
    Yukisato Nogami, Toshihumi Satoh, Hiroyuki Tango
    2006 Volume 60 Issue 9 Pages 1439-1442
    Published: September 01, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.1439
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    To analyze hot-carrier degradation, we developed a two-dimensional (2-D) physical model of n-channel poly-Si LDD TFT. The model is based on a 2-D device simulator's Gaussian doping profiles for the source and drain junctions fitted to the lateral and vertical impurity profiles in poly-Si from a 2-D process simulator. We have shown that, in current saturation bias, the maximum 2-D lateral electric field is in the deep LDD region under the gate edge, and the current flows in the deep channel region near the LDD junction. These results suppose that the drain avalanche hot-carrier (DAHC) degradation first occurs due to the state generation at both the gate oxide/poly-Si interface and the grain boundaries in the deep channel region near the channel/LDD junction.
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Regular Section
Papers
  • Hands-Free Video Phone System Based on Visual Sensor Networks
    Toshiki Iso, Hiroki Suzuki, Atsuki Tomioka, Shoji Kurakake
    2006 Volume 60 Issue 9 Pages 1443-1451
    Published: September 01, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.1443
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    We introduce the “Hands-Free Video Phone System” that uses a visual sensor network. The system makes it easy for a user in his house to take a video phone call without disturbing his current activity. This system uses fisheyes lens cameras as visual sensors because they offer both sensing and image generation and are cheaper than other types of sensors for tracking people such as pressure sensors or infrared sensors. Its key advance is an algorithm that detects user location based on disparity maps of multiple stereo cameras, and selects the best shot camera based on criteria that consider optical properties. We describe a prototype system and a field trial that confirms the feasibility of the system in an experimental house.
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  • Equally-Separated-Subframe Driving Method for Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode Displays
    Shinya Ono, Koichi Miwa, Takatoshi Tsujimura
    2006 Volume 60 Issue 9 Pages 1452-1458
    Published: September 01, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.1452
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    The conventional time-ratio gray-scale driving method has a problem: the larger the number of scanning lines or the deeper the color, the faster the writing period for the display must be. To solve this, we developed an equally-separated-subframe driving method for AM-OLED. Simulation showed that this method solves the scanning speed problem.
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  • Embedding Computer-Genetrated Holograms into Ditherd Images
    Ken-ichi Tanaka
    2006 Volume 60 Issue 9 Pages 1459-1472
    Published: September 01, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.1459
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    We have developed a method of encryption using computer-generated holograms (CGH) embedded in dithered image. First, the confidential information is converted into a CGH. Next, the CGH data undergoes two separate dithering processes in parallel: one corresponding to CGH white pixels and one corresponding to CGH black pixels. The results from both processes are used to form a dither matrix for creationg th final ditherd and encoded image. In this way, the confidential information can be embedded into the image. The confidentioal information can be extracted using a technique similar to CGH optical reconstruction.
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  • Extracting Semantic Patterns in Video Using Time-constrained Sequential Pattern Mining
    Kimiaki Shirahama, Koichi Ideno, Kuniaki Uehara
    2006 Volume 60 Issue 9 Pages 1473-1482
    Published: September 01, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.1473
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    We developed a technique for video data mining to extract ‘semantic patterns’ associated with semantically relevant events in videos. First, several types of raw-level metadata are derived from the raw video data in each shot. The metadata is then sequentially aggregated into a multistream. Then, sequential patterns, each of which is a temporally ordered set of raw-level metadata, are extracted from the multistream. The sequential patterns are reduced to likely semantic patterns using two types of time constraints that we introduce: ‘semantic event boundaries’ and ‘temporal localities’. We developed a prototype system and demonstrated the effectiveness of extracted semantic patterns.
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  • A Practical Packet Transmission Control Method for HDTV Contents Distribution Using IP Multicast
    Kazuhiro Kamimura, Teruyuki Hasegawa, Haruo Hoshino, Shigehiro Ano, To ...
    2006 Volume 60 Issue 9 Pages 1483-1489
    Published: September 01, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.1483
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    Following the introduction of broadband access networks like FTTH (fiber to the home), many Internet service providers in Japan have started providing video distribution services using IP multicast. As the services become higher quality and more diverse, a distribution system capable of handling high bit-rate contents will be required. However, implementation of a typical distribution server may encounter problems because of the server's dependency on the timestamp embedded in the contents. We present a new transmission control method for IP multicast that is synchronized with TCP flow control and independent of the timestamp. We evaluated its validity using an experimental system transmitting HDTV (high definition TV) contents and demonstrated that the system can simultaneously distribute eight channels of HDTV.
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  • Long-haul Transmission Using Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing with 16 Carriers for Uncompressed Super Hi-Vision Signal
    Tsuyoshi Nakatogawa, Mikio Maeda, Kimiyuki Oyamada
    2006 Volume 60 Issue 9 Pages 1490-1495
    Published: September 01, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.1490
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    We describe an optical transmission system for uncompressed Super High-Vision (SHV), which is an extremely high resolution video system with 4000 scanning lines and 22.2 multi-channel audio. We transmitted an SHV signal composed of 16 HD-SDI signals a distance of 260 km through an existing optical fiber using four optical amplifiers and dense wavelength division multiplexing technology. Application of distributed Raman amplification to the system enabled the SHV signal to be transmitted up to 180 km without using optical relay amplifiers.
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Short Paper
  • Characteristics of Image Distortion Presented by Scanning Display
    Takayuki Uchida, Junji Watanabe, Naoki Kawakami, Susumu Tachi
    2006 Volume 60 Issue 9 Pages 1496-1499
    Published: September 01, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.1496
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    In certain types of two-dimensional visual displays, such as CRTs and PDPs, information is not simultaneously presented on the entire screen. Each line or dot on the screen is rapidly and sequentially updated, and the update timings differ depending on the position on the screen. This presentation method can cause distortion of moving images. We conducted an experiment to clarify the characteristics of this distortion and developed a method for solving the distortion problem.
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