We propose a new concept of a wide-viewing-angle liquid crystal display without grayscale inversion. In addition, we have designed retardation films that compensate this type of liquid crystal cell.

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We proposed new liquid crystal devices using anisotropy porous polymer films for liquid crystal molecular-alignment control. The polymer film was formed by stretching a porous polyolefin film extremely. The porous polymer was filled with a nematic liquid crystal material, and it was then sandwiched by transparent electrodes on glass substrates without use of conventional alignment layers. From observation of the optical anisotropy of composite films of polymer and liquid crystal, it was confirmed that the liquid crystal molecules align in parallel to the stretching direction. It was also clarified that largely-stretched polymer areas with birefringence provide liquid crystal alignment with strong anchoring effects.

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We developed a flexible display device containing monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal with aligned polymer walls and networks. The FLC alignment was uniform, near the polymer walls, and hence, the device exhibited a high contrast ratio of more than 100:1. The device with polarizers could be rolled with curvature radius of under 2cm, and also demonstrated bent display operation with uniform grayscale capability. The FLC device is applicable to future flexible moving-image displays.

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A real-time color holography system with LEDs is developed using a reflective LCD panel. A full color clear image can be displayed by superimposing RGB images reconstructed from three LCD panels, or by synchronous rapid replacement of RGB images reconstructed from one LCD panel.

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The insulation of protecting materials is required to maintain high wall voltage.In order to characterize the insulation of MgO used as protecting material of ac-PDPs,oxygen was added during vacuum evaporation.It is proved that the addition of oxygen has an influence upon the insulation of MgO thin-films as well as ri.

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The relationships between performance of PDPs and electrode structure have not been clarified yet. We designed and fabricated various kinds of sustsining electrodes, and measured voltage-luminescence characteristics. In consequence, it is clarified that the luminescence characteristics are divided into two groups according to the kinds of electrode structure.

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We investigate an influence of the Xe gas content on the luminance characteristics oh the positive column DC-PDP. The luminance of the positive column region has peak intensities related to the Xe content and discharge current. The optimized Xe content was 5-10% for high luminous efficiency with the lower operating discharge current.

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The luminance-chrominance signals carry the color information more effectively to human vision than RGB signals. This paper presents a simple picture coding algorithm using Luma-Chroma correlation in opponent color space. Chromatic components are described as a function of lightness in each sub-block. A pair of chrominance vs. luminance coefficients is transmitted with lightness pixels. The coefficients are optimized via S-CIELAB visual space.

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The electronic camera can't catch the details in the heavy change of highlight and shadow, while human vision responses to very wide dynamic ranges. Retinex vision model controls the scene dynamic range automatically not by "pixel-to-pixel" but by "space-to-pixel" process like as human vision. This paper proposes an Adaptive Scale-Gain Retinex model and discusses the design of optimum parameters based on visual appearance experiments.

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We present an objective evaluation method of multi-level halftoning algorithms for digital displays. Our method calculates a visible error E based on the eye-model which means frequency characteristics of human eye. The experimental results show that the value E is very useful to guess image quality quantitatively.

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An objective evaluation technique of subfield methods is proposed. In our method, SNR for each subfield method is caluculated based on a frequency spectrum of its light emission pattern for a sinusoidal input. The experimental results show that our objective evaluation is very useful to guess image qualities.

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An optical image processing to improve image quality on flat panel displays is proposed. In this method, grid lines on a display are hidden by a light diffusion processing suitable for its pixel shape. The validity of the proposed technique is shown with the subjective evaluation and the objective evaluation to decrease output deterioration like jaggies and moires.

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In order to focus electron beam, FED panel structure which has insulator on the gate electrode has been investigated using simulation. It is clarified that electron beam width of 45 mm can be obtained when insulator height is 1 mm and insulator has electrification of 1x10-3 C/m2.

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A point x-ray emission was obtained from a diode configuration composed of a graphite-nanofiber cold cathode and a conical-shaped copper metal anode. When combined with a highly sensitive charge coupled device (CCD) camera with a scintillator, this x-ray source was then used to obtain x-ray transmission images of a tungsten mesh and an x-ray test chart. The spatial resolution of this x-ray radiography system was on the order of 10 mm and the acquisition time for these images was less than 10 s. This combination of the point x-ray source and the sensitive detection system offers a high-resolution x-ray radiography system.

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Y₂O₂S:Eu has good color purity and brightness, but this sulfide phosphor is avoided for contamination to emitter of FEDs. Although the brightness of thin films were lower than that of powders, however thin film phosphors have advantages such as stability, lower resistivity and higher resolutions. Then, Y₂O₂S:Eu thin film phosphor prepared using sulfuration of Y₂O₃:Eu thin film was investigated. Y2O3 phase was changed to Y₂O₂S phase by annealing in H₂S atmosphere. Luminescent properties were improved according to higher annealing temperature and time.

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We developed a new type 3D display which does not need special glasses by using a transparent organic EL panel and a bottom emission type organic EL panel in piles, and displaying the 3D image from which luminosity differs.

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This paper presents development of a wide color gamut CRT display monitor that has 93[%] color gamut compare to NTSC color gamut. It provides the color gamut nearly equal to the Adobe RGB color space. In this paper we would like to report about a prototype of wide color gamut CRT display monitor. We compared color gamut of our prototype vs. a major standard color patches. And more we checked about the gamut change accrording to the viewing angle. We believe that our monitor is useful for soft proofing of DTP as replacement of conventional CRT displays.

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There are not many contents for multi-projection systems with multi-PC, because it is difficult to create applicatons or contents for these systems.Therefore, we developed Web browser for these systems so that these systems could play many contents and these contents could be easily created.

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TB126x series that were One Chip analog TV signal processor ICs have been developed. These ICs have Sound IF filter (S-TRAP, S-BPF) and self adjustment circuits. In this paper, design and resulting characteristic of the SIF filter system are described.

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We developed first HD Camcoder as a consumer use. Size, weight, and power consumption were realizable by the specification near conventional DV Camcoder, corresponding to HD.

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This paper studies integration of resolution conversion and sampling conversion for efficient DV-MPEG transcoding. The experimental results show that about the same PSNR as that of conventional baseband transcoding has been obtained, while more than fifteen times faster conversion speed has been achieved.

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Image processing algorithms for single area color image sensor are developed. The target of algorithms is processed by H/W circuit. The algorithms use few line memories. And they consist of filter algorithms basically. This paper describes algorithms which complement chromatic aberration of lens and reduce noise of sensor and system especially.

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Using concentration ruggedness information of the image, the image filter algorithm of the new type was constructed. This filter has the nonlinear property, and it is possible that frequency characteristics are made to change in proportion to the amplitude of the signal.

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Recently, researches on an Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) have been performed actively in Japan. Those systems which offer some road information for a driver from a road photograph are mainly developed. Therefore, we build a new recognition system of a signal for people who have a handicap in the color.

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Partial Color Blindness is who has a difficulty in distinguishing between specific colors, for example, black and red, because of the abnormality of eye cells. In this report, we proposed the color conversion method for partial color blindness.

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This paper describes the measurement of visual chromatic temporal frequnecy response for subjects aged 64 to 69 years old in order to gain a better undrestanding og age-related changes in color perception, and to clarify some differences between young and elderly people.It was found that visual chromatic temporal frequncy response to a yellow-blue(dominant wavelength:565-445nm) stimulus were significantly reduced in comparison with those to a red-green(495nm and its conjugate)stimulus.

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Shape segregation can be achieved by differences of color distributions in a color space. We investigated color distributiondifferences necessary for shape segregation by color. The results suggest that color difference is not the only factor of shape segregation by color.

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We measured detection probability of target presented on simulated driving scene when the observer paid attention at the scene. The targets were luminance increment of 10, 20, 30 cd/m2 on the scene. The results show that the detection probably did not vary as SOA between the control task and the target changed.

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Subjective readability scores were obtained for texts presented via jumps of from 1 pixel to 4 characters from right to left between successive displays in various rates of presentation. The results indicate that having horizontally scrolling text presentation in small size jumps was more advantageous than having a longer duration of a stable text with large jumps. The most readable rates of scroll were 4 to 6 characters per second dependent on difficulty of texts.

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BS and 110E CS digital broadcasting services began in December 2000 and March 2002 respectively, and terrestrial digital broadcasting services will begin in December 2003. At that time we will need an advanced and interactive receiving navigation system to quickly find out and to watch desired programs or services for various TV viewers, including elderly and handicapped people. Here are some results of a study on a pointing method to select items on the TV screen, which provides an interactive operation scheme with universal human interface to easily select the name of programs and services.

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We describe a system of giving impression words for images based on colors. In this system, we extract main colors of images based on the results of clustering in Lab color space. We propose a distance between the main colors and the registered colors of each impression word. Using the distance, we calculate a minimum distance and an average distance every 160 impression words. By the comparison of the minimum distance and the average distance of each impression word, the system determines suitable impression words for the image. Experimental results show the proposed method to be effective.

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A Free Viewpoint Television is the new television system that the user can change viewpoint position of 3D-world.In order to interface with the system, the location of the viewer's face can be considered as the reference point.We proposed the new way to interface with television systems using the user's face captured by a set of cameras.

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We have developed the "Cooperative distributed human detection system". This system connects some PCs with different image processing algorithms to network. All PCs process simultaneously and send results over network. One PC decides the final result after receiving all results. This final result can be shared by all PCs. In this time we built the prototype system and made an experiment that a robot camera moved by using results of our system. We confirmed the prototype system worked successfully.

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We propose an automatic camera pan control method for broadcasting ball games by tracking the direction of the audience's faces.It has more robustness to occulusions and less calculation than the previous approaches.Our approach consists of two sensors (a face sensor and a court sensor) and integrating components. The face sensor estimates a regarded point from the audience by tracking the face direction for fast-moving scenes.On the other hand, the court sensor estimates the center of a play by detecting moving objects for slow-moving scenes.Integrating these image informations by a video generate component, we get the video for broadcasting by the digital camerawork.We conducted a subjective evaluation experiment and the result shows that our approach is better than the other previous ones in respect of stable tracking and easy watching.We conclude that our method is as effective as the ideal camerawork.

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In this work, we use multiple view images to avoid the occlusion problem, and obtain robustness in player tracking. Tracking information of all cameras are integrated by using geometrical relationship between cameras called homography. Experimental results show that robust tracking of players can be achieved by taking advantage of using multiple cameras.

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We propose the system that describes a scene from the video sequences of a soccer game. The system detects the event by tracking a ball, and judges the play by tracking a player nearest the ball. Scene description is performed by the result of play judgment. Tracking a ball is performed by Template Matching. First, a background domain is removed using Subtraction between frames. And Template Matching is performed using the template of a ball prepared in advance on the images from which the background was removed. Then, the check of a ball position and the Calculation of a ball position in the camera that has not been detected are performed by using F-Matrix between cameras. When a ball was not able to be detected by the processing so far, the ball position was given manually.Detection of the event is performed by using the speed vector of a ball. Since it is thought that the speed vector of a ball is changing rapidly when the event has happened, an event is detected by computing the acceleration vector that is the rate of change of the speed vector of a ball and comparing that with the threshold.Tracking a player is performed when the event was detected. First, the pixel values of the images from which the background was removed are changed into binary values. And Labeling is performed on the binary images. Then the label nearest the ball position is tracked as a player. Tracking is performed by using the area of the label and the distance of labels between frames. At that time, the distance vector between a ball and a player, the difference of the distance vector between frames, and the color information of a player are calculated as an amount of the features.The play judgment is performed by using an amount of the features that are obtained in tracking a player. First, the team of a player is judged by using the color information of a player. In order to avoid the influence of brightness, HSL-transform is performed. Second, the play is distinguished to Kick or Heading by using the position relation between a ball and a player. Third, the play is distinguished to Keep or Release by using the amount of change of the distance between a ball and a player. Fourth, when the play is judged to be release, the play is distinguished to Clear,Shoot or Pass by using the team of a player and the direction of a ball. Finally, the play is determined by these processing.Then, Scene description is performed by play that is determined in the play judgment.We show the result of the detection of the event and play judgment.

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We propose a new feature description method of video using statistics processing for motion vector. A new method has advantages of fast retrieval time for pick up any desired specific scenes. As the picture of the retrieval object baseball scene studied and optimal parameter were clarified to extract the pitching scenes.

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We demonstrated image pickup operation from an organic film by incorporating it into a pickup tube to confirm that organic materials could work as a photoconductive target for TV camera. The limiting resolution is more than 800 TV lines, indicating that organic materials have large possibility toward imaging device.

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This paper presents a method of direct image compression of a CMOS image sensor output with on-chip color filters. The filter output is decomposed into R, G and B components and each component is compressed using a 4x4 digital two-dimensional discrete cosine transform (2-D DCT), Zigzag scanning for four 2-D DCT blocks and one-dimensional Huffman cording. This approach is suitable for compact realization of a digital one-chip camera such as used for capsule-type endoscopes. The image compressor can be implemented with less hardware than the motion JPEG processor. There is no need for color signal processing circuit in front of the image processor. The PSNR as a function of the compression ratio of the proposed method is compared with JPEG and JPEG2000.

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With the aim of fabricating 35 micro m thick New Super HARP photoconductive film that can multiplies charges more than 1000 times by avalanche multiplication, we investigated ways to suppress the occurrence of defects on the film. We found the defect occurrence can suppress by heat running at 37.5C before its operating and keeping the film temperatures as high as 37.5C while operating.

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High-energy radiation imaging devices were fabricated by using pin CdTe diode processed by excimer laser processing method. The imaging device has 128-pixels and every pixel has pulse height analyzers. The energy distinguished pictures were calculated from measured energy-distribution spectra from each pixels. The energy distinguished pictures were clearly obtained.

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As the results of HDTV Camera operation onboard the Space Shuttle and International Space Station (ISS), a lot of pixel damages caused by space radiation were observed on the CCD. For good operation of HDTV Camera on orbit, it is important to study the radiation-endurance of CCD. This paper reports the results of irradiation test for HDTV CCD onboard the ISS.

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In 2000, the authors developed an image sensor and a video camera of 1,000,000 fps. The image sensor was an in-situ storage image sensor (ISIS) with slanted linear CCD storage. Possible structures for the next-generation ISIS are discussed. A backside-illuminated ISIS is one of the promising structures.

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In this paper, we present an operating principle of our original method to compensate black-level in image processing circuits based on serial connected analogue amplifers.

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In order to realize small and high-performance microphones for the next generation, we have fabricated a prototype condenser-type silicon microphone, which has excellent acoustic characteristics and reliability, with our unique technology using single-crystal silicon.

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We propose a new image segmentation method in scale space. To construct a structure tree, we search and trace points in smoothed images and connecting them each other. Thus we propose a new search range at the time of generating the structure tree.

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An extraction method is presented for arbitrarily shaped fuzzy clusters from a set of point data. The present method is applied to image segmentation. It is experimentally verified that a meaningful segmentation result is obtained by the present method.

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We Focus on diagnostic support for cryptorchidism and aims at lessening doctor's burden of interpreting CT images.
Based on information on a normal testis of the patient, we automatically detect his abnormal testis from the whole CT images.

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The object detection technique in which the fractal dimension was used is proposed. By the complexity of the form for every object, the fractal dimension value with the edge for every object of the carries out beta distribution of the specific numerical range. Based on the obtained data, an object is reverse-searched from a picture and an applicable domain is detected. It considers as an object from the high thing of ranking.

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