ITE Technical Report
Online ISSN : 2424-1970
Print ISSN : 1342-6893
ISSN-L : 1342-6893
24.68
Displaying 1-32 of 32 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    Pages Cover1-
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
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  • Article type: Index
    Pages Toc1-
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
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  • Article type: Appendix
    Pages 1-6
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
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  • Kyongmi Lee, Jae-Won Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Eunsik Kim, No-Yeol Park
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-37
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    2.5" CoCrNbPt perpendicular media with different magnetic layer structures were prepared and conventional high Bs ring head was used. The parametric tests including OW(overwrite)and NLTS(non-linear transition shift)show the big possibility of this combination of head and media for high density recording system. Special output waveform of perpendicular recording are used to show recording mechanism of perpendicular media and ring head. Spectrum analysis of the output signal was performed for signal processing. With these results, some critical characteristics of both of perpendicular media and ring head for high density recording will be suggested.
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  • Weichun Ye, Bin Liu, Victor Y. Krachkovsky
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-38
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    The Lorentzian-like isolated pulse model is used to investigate the effect of the media with different magnetic parameters on the readback pulse shape of GMR head. It is found that the pulse shape index N takes a larger value for the disk with larger Mr^*t. As the Mr^*t increases, the partial saturation of the free layer of a GMR element may lead to the increase of the index N. When applying the model to evaluate the performance of a recording system, it is necessary to take into account of the differences between the linear superposition of the isolated pulse and the actual readback data pattern. It is suggested to linearize the captured isolated pulse in order to use the model correctly as a useful tool for evaluating the system performance.
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  • H. Muraoka, Y. Nakamura
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-39
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Recording mechanism of perpendicular recording was examined using analytical expression of shielded AMR/GMR head response. Pulse shape, roll-off performance, and noise spectra were reasonably explained by the calculated head transfer functions. Comparison with the calculation based on the formulae showed several fundamental characteristics of perpendicular recording : no enhancement of magnetic noise at low frequencies, but simply due to a reflection of a head transfer function : no severe resolution degradation : negligible noise directly arisen from soft magnetic underlayer. This method will provide a convenient design tool for perpendicular magnetic recording.
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  • Ming Jin, B. Farhang-Boroujeny, K. C. Indukumar, George Mathew
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-40
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Dual FDTS/DF detector is an advanced version of FDTS/DF detector. Moreover, it is suitable for various d-constrained channels. As recording density increases, channel nonlinearities such as non-linear transition shift and partial erasure degrade the performance of detectors. In this paper, we use nonlinear channel models to study the BER performance of dual FDTS/DF detector and compare the performances with other detectors. Simulation results show that the dual FDTS/DF detector is superior compared to FDTS/DF detector. Results also indicate that the detectors on the d=1 coded channels are more robust to channel nonlinearities compared to the other detectors on the d=0 coded channels.
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  • J. Hu, J. Hajto, A. J. Snell, M. J. Rose
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-41
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Current-voltage characteristics of Cr-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon-V(Cr/p^+a-Si : H/V)analogue memory switching devices have been measured over a wide range of device resistance from several kilo-ohms to several hundred kilo-ohms, and over a temperature range from 13K to 300K. Both the bias and temperature dependence of the conductance show similar characteristics to that of metal-insulator heterogeneous materials(i. e. discontinuous or granular metallic films), which are analysed in terms of activated tunnelling mechanism. A modified filamentary structure for the Cr/p^+a-Si : H/V switching devices is proposed. The influence of embedded metallic particles on memory switching is analysed and discussed.
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  • D. J. Perettie
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-42
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Lubricant additives have a number of applications, the first of which was for pseudo-contact recording in an effort to stabilize the head-disk interface and minimize lube decomposition under hot/wet conditions. A number of additives have been tried which include antioxidants as well as Lewis bases, the latter in an effort to passivate the Lewis Acid catalytic activity of the head resulting in the decomposition of the perfluoropolyalkylether(PFPAE)lubricants. In addition to this passivation action of the phosphazene toward catalytic decomposition of the lubricant, it has recently been reported that the use of X-1P(a cyclic phosphazene)also enhances reflow of the lube, increasing the durability of the head disk interface. There are numerous technical issues associated with the use of the various additives with the main one being compatibility between the additive and the PFPAE's as well as the carbon surfaces on which they are coated. These issues include bonding, phase separation of the components, and the transfer mechanism for the additive to the slider where the passivation is required. In this paper, we will report on the effect of lubricant additives and principally X-1P on the enhancement of the durability of the head disk interface.
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  • Sam Shueh, Robin Sik
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-43
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    A systematic method to investigate the dynamics of magnetic slider-media interface system is described. Specifically, we have overcome the slider ringing phenomena of flying heads over, landing, or taking-off in contact-start stop(abbr.CSS)zone at inside diameter zone, without sacrificing laser textured media CSS and stiction performance. This is the first reported media that are used in volume production & calibration commercially. Unlike other vendors' media which have compact-spaced bumps that caused excitations to 48^<th> harmonic order, the present unique approach is avoidance of resonance harmonics at all operating speeds by optimization of bump densities. The paper demonstrates by widening the bump-spacing requires careful modeling, and confirmation of absence of resonance, while taking into tribological considerations into account.
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  • Bo Liu, Zhimin Yuan, Yijun Man, Sheng-Bin Hu, Wei Zhang, Qingfang Leng
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-44
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    As technology moves to 5〜7 nanometer spaced head-disk systems, the mechanical interaction between head-slider and disk will strongly affect the magnetic integrity of magnetic head-disk systems. It is important to study tribo-magnetics : the relationship between mechanical head-disk interaction and magnetic performance of head-disk systems. The tribo-magnetics covers 3 major aspects : head-disk interaction and its effect to the integrity of recorded data, head-disk interaction and its effect to the read/write capability of read/write head, head-disk interaction and how to use magnetic signal to characterize the mechanical interaction between head-slider, lube, and disk media. This paper reports authors recent efforts in this area. Results indicate that head-disk interaction can disturb the stability of the recorded magnetic transitions and lead to a decay of readback signal---tribo-decay. Two new methods are also reported in this work to increase the testing sensitivity and the testing range of in-situ head-disk spacing measurement.
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  • Koji SAITO, Goro OBINATA, Kazuhiro OUCHI
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-45
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    As recording density is getting higher, the higher speed and more accurate magnetic head servo system is required. The servo band has to be expanded for the requirement. However a wide range servo system has a risk to deteriorate the close-loop system performance by exciting the mechanical resonace mode of the magnetic head carriage. Then servo systems have been designed to prevent the servo band from the natural frequency of the mechanical system. In this paper, the feasibility of the wide range servo system to surpass the mechanical resonance mode frequency without the deterioration is investigated in terms of the in-phase-ness of the controlled system. These results show that to make a controlled system in-phase is necessary and sufficient for the quasi-optimal closed-loop performance. In consequence of this, The potential of a conventional magnetic head carriage system to be in-phase is discussed.
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  • X. K. Gao, S. X. Chen, T. S. Low
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-46
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    The effect of Unbalanced-Magnetic-Pull(UMP)on vibration and run-outs has become stringent in the design for high performance HDD spindle motors. In this paper, reducing the UMP and also minimizing its variability for 8-pole 9-slot spindle motor to make the performance robust is described and illustrated using novel robust design methods. Screening Experiment identifies the key design parameters. Using Design of Experiment(DOE)and Analysis of Variance(ANOVA), the parameter design reduces the amplitude of UMP and minimizes its variability by product parameter optimization. The tolerance design improves the quality by tightening tolerances on product or process parameters to reduce the performance variation, The optimal design process includes considerations of manufacturing and process noises, such as manufacturing tolerances for the slot opening and variation of the rotor magnet magnetization distribution due to the magnetization fixture and process. The optimal design process is briefly introduced and the results are presented.
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  • Ma Bin, Yang Zheng, Wei Fulin, Zhen Daishun, Wu Dongping
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-47
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    The soft magnetic properties of Fe-Ta-N films are decided by grain size and lattice deformation. In high Ta content films, the grain size is smaller than 10nm, so the coercivity is decided by lattice deformation, which is increasing with the content of interstitial N atoms. The dependence of coercivity on sputtering power and total pressure can be explained well by the change of lattice deformation. The optimum soft magnetic properties migrate to high partial nitrogen pressure at high sputtering power, or to low partial nitrogen at high total pressure.
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  • Daishun Zheng, Tian Xie, Xiaohong Li, Dongping Wu, Fulin Wei, Zheng Ya ...
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-48
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    The Fe-Al-N films were fabricated by reactive sputtering using RF magnetron sputtering system. The influences of content of Al and N and annealing temperature on microstructure and magnetic properties were investigated. The Fe-Al-N films consist of nanocrystalline α-Fe grains and a small amount of Iron-nitrogen and Aluminum-nitrogen compound precipitate in the boundaries of α-Fe grains and suppress the growth of α-Fe grains. Annealing makes a little improvement of soft magnetic properties which due to the release of stress and perfect crystallization of α-Fe. The AFM image indicates the grains show oblate ellipsoid shape and are parallel each other. The uniaxial anisotropy of the films may be partially caused by the shape anisotropy of grains.
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  • Won-Cheol Jeong, Chang-Wook Jeong, Seung-Ki Joo
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-49
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    The tunneling magnetoresistance(TMR)as high as 40% has been reported with proper ferromagnetic materials, insulating materials, which is mainly Al_2O_3 and/or postanneal, indicating that these spin-dependent tunnel junctions are potentially applicable in magnetoresistive random access memory and high areal density read heads. For TMR heads to be commercially used, however, large resistance should be decreased down to considerable level. To this purpose, tunneling barrier should be thinner or new other tunneling barrier than Al_2O_3 should be developed. Co oxide has a low resistance and can be oxidized at relatively low temperature due to its high free energy of formation. We have prepared polycrystalline Co films on 4 degree tilt-cut Si(111)wafers and studied their oxidation kinetics under atmospheric conditions at room temperature and elevated temperatures. Metallic cobalt is a ferromagnet but CoO is an antiferromagnet and therefore practically nonmagnetic. As a consequence, oxidation is associated with a loss in magnetism. Experimental results show that as soon as exposed to air, Co takes an oxidation process up to some thickness. As a environmental temperature goes high, it is revealed that oxidation rate for Co increases and a critical thickness up to which metallic Co can be oxidized for each temperature goes high, too.
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  • W. H. Tang, T. L. Kam, S. M. So, J. Gao
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-50
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    In this work, we have fabricated La_<0.67>Ca_<0.33>MnO_3/YBa_2Cu_3O_y heteroepitaxial bilayers on SrTiO_3(100)substrates by rf magnetron sputtering. The La_<0.67>Ca_<0.33>MnO_3/YBa_2Cu_3O_y bilayers were characterized by x-ray diffraction, rocking curve measurements, scanning electron microscope and dc four-probe measurements. Both La_<0.67>Ca_<0.33>MnO_3and YBa_2Cu_3O_y layers show excellent crystallinity indicated by their sharp and narrow rocking curves. The La_<0.67>Ca_<0.33>MnO_3/YBa_2Cu_3O_y bilayers exhibit a very smooth surface. The relation between the superconducting critical current density of YBa_2Cu_3O_y and temperature was also investigated.
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  • W. H. Tang, T. L. Kam, J. Gao
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-51
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    The fabrication and characterization of La_<0.67>Ca_<0.33>MnO_3 epitaxial thin films on SrTiO_3(100)substrates by using an off-axis rf sputtering was reported. The obtained La_<0.67>Ca_<0.33>MnO_3 thin films were studied by x-ray diffraction, electrical and magnetic measurements, surface profiler and scanning electron microscope. Very narrow full width at half maximum(〜0.15deg)of the(004)rocking curve was obtained, indicating good crystallinity. SEM pictures show that our thin films are extra smooth and gain free. The average roughness over the scanning region of 2000um is less than 5nm. The best value of the peak temperature, which corresponds to the transition temperature from insulator to metal, is as high as 264K. That is the highest value compared with all reported results of La_<0.67>Ca_<0.33>MnO_3 thin films on SrTiO_3 substrates. La_<0.67>Ca_<0.33>MnO_3 thin films even can be deposited under pure argon atmosphere. By post annealing, their peak temperature can also reach the highest value. The dependence of peak temperature on the deposition atmosphere, the annealing temperature and the film thickness was studied in details.
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  • A. B. Pakhomov, C. Y. Wong, K. P. Leung
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-52
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Single crystal MnZn Ferrites are used as core materials for the reader of inductive magnetic heads. Magnetic phase homogeneity of the material is one of the parameters, which can effect the quality of the devise. We used static magnetic measurements above the apparent Curie temperature of the Ferrite materials to determine the presence of such phases. High performance samples are paramagnetic at high temperature. A small but non-zero remament magnetization at high temperature indicates the presence of the second phase. The performance of such materials is lower.
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  • Mai Lu, Zheng Yang, Zhide Hu, Fulin Wei
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-53
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    In this paper, the magnetization processes in cubic particles from initial saturation states are calculated by numerical micromagnetics. For particle sizes small than 800Å, the remanent state has flowerlike magnetization configuration. Beyond 800Å this state is replaced by a vortex structure. The angular dependence of the coercivity field is calculated for particle sizes of 400Å, 600Å, 700Å, 750Å, 800Å, and 900Å. For particle sizes small than 700Å, they switch mostly in the coherent rotation. For particle sizes between 700Å and 800Å, the magnetization reversal process changes from coherent rotation to incoherent fanning. Beyond 800Å, the magnetization reversal process is probably due to the wall motion.
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  • XiaoXi LIU, Jianmin BAI, Fulin WEI, Zheng YANG
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-54
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    La-Zn substituted M type strontium ferrite thin films were prepared by reactive rf diode sputtering. The structure, surface morphology, magnetic properties and their temperature dependence were investigated. It was found that La-Zn substitution reduces the grain growth rate, so that it was possible to obtain films with mean grain size about 12 nm. Suitable amount of La-Zn substitution increases the saturation magnetization Ms, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant K_1 and coercivity Hc of the films. La-Zn substitution improves also the temperature coefficient of coercivity of the films.
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  • Kazuetsu Yoshida, Yoshiyuki Hirayama, Masaaki Futamoto
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-55
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    In perpendicular magnetic recording decrease in recording medium noise is one of the most important issue for practical use. One solution is to use a medium with a high squareness. However, such a medium has strong exchange coupling, which results in the increase in medium noise at high recording density. To solve the contradiction we propose a hybrid medium that is composed of two layers, the one is with strong exchange interaction and the other is an isolated medium. With computer simulation we investigated the read/write characteristics of a hybrid medium. It was found
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  • J. P. Wang, C. H. Hee, T. C. Chong, T. S. Low, H. Gong
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-56
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    The magnetic properties of highly oriented media are systematic studied via micromagnetic simulation. The orientation ratio of the media is controlled by the anisotropy distribution. Highly oriented media show an ultra low transition noise and large effective track width. Magnetization decay rate decreased with the increasing of the orientation ratio. The stability of the oriented media is due to the narrower energy barrier distribution, which reduces the density of the magnetization thermal fluctuation reversal sites. The coercivity is adjusted through the saturation magnetization. A 200 Gbits/in^2 recording is simulated to support the application of the highly oriented longitudinal media for ultra high density recording.
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  • Silas T. F. Hung, C. Y. Wong, L. Z. Zhang, Randy Bordeos
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-57
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    In the development of an industry adaptable failure analysis technique for the study of ESD stressed GMR head is highly recommended. We developed a method with combined ion milling and MFM for GMR head failure analysis. This technique provides both fast sample preparation and characterization. It provides basically three observations of GMR film, including the roughness on the GMR element, the abutting junction, and the hard bias magnetization state. These three observations could provide a qualitative analysis on ESD damage of HGA.
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  • Y. W. Wong, George Ip
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-58
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Low surface energy fluoropolymer films were prepared on silicon substrates by dip-coating process. The thickness of the films was measured by the spectroscopic phase modulated ellipsometer. It has the advantages that measurement can be accomplished faster compared with the conventional rotating analyser ellipsometer, as well as an improvement in precision of the measurement by model fitting the ellipsometer parameter spectrum. We have demonstrated that ultra-thin film of thickness close to monolayer can be formed on Si under controllable dip-coating condition. The surface free energy of the ultra-thin fluoropolymer film determined by contact angle method was found fairly close to documented value. Film properties obtained by using various solvents in the dip-coating process were studied. In addition, the effect of the duration for the film stayed in the vapor zone will also be presented.
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  • Toshitaka Kojima, Isao Kobayashi, Shin-ichiro Fukai, Yiwei He
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-59
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    The present paper describes the finite difference time domain(FDTD)analysis of the light-beam diffraction from two- and three-dimensional(2-D and 3-D)magneto-optical(MO)disk structures. First, we show that the proposed new FDTD formulation is valid for MO disk medium and can avoid the divergence of fields encountered during the conventional FDTD calculations. Second, as the application of the present method to more complicated models, the main- and cross- polarized diffracted fields are numerically calculated for 2-d and 3-D four-layered MO disk models. The phase differences between two kinds of polarized components are shown. The results obtained here indicate that the proposed FDTD formulation can be applied to more complicated MO disk structures.
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  • Dan Wei
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-60
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    Skew angle effects on the transition noise are analyzed in the longitudinal disk media by micro-magnetic simulations at area densities from 14.3Gb/in^2 to 31.5Gb/in^2. The transition noise, including the peak, width and jitter noise, is the dominant noise in ultra-high density disk recording systems. An isotropic medium and an oriented medium, with a fixed grain size of 135Å and a coercivity of 2900 Oe, are chosen for the noise analysis. The peak noise is studied by the distribution of the peak magnetization amplitude M_p in each bit. The transition a-parameter is no longer the value as given in the William-Comstock approximation. It is found that the transition noise is highly dependent on both the linear density and the skew angle, where the bit length and the grain size are on the same order. In both media, the medium noise increases severely when the skew angle is above 10 degrees.
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  • Xiong Liu, Joseph C. Liu, Choon Kiat Lim, Mingzhong Ding
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-61
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    As the recording track density increases in hard disk drives, the ball bearing in the actuator pivot would only rotate a few micro-degrees during track following and short seeks. In this paper, the behavior of the friction torque of the ball bearing under micro motion was studied. The investigation showed that the change in the direction of the rotation did not result in a reversal of the friction torque and hence, not forming the torque hysteresis loop when the ball bearing oscillation was less than a certain value. The friction torque was observed to keep to that value rather than dropping back to zero, though the direction of rotation of ball bearing changes frequently during track following. This impacts the servo controller design.
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  • K. J. Lee, Y. H. Im, Y. S. Kim, E. S. Kim, K. M. Lee, J. W. Kim, B. K. ...
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-62
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    A simple method to obtain three-dimensional MR sensitivity function was provided. Calculated waveform and roll-off curve by using this MR sensitivity function well agreed with both the measured waveform and roll-off curve. It was found that the shape of waveform was strongly correlated with the magnetization profile and the center shift of the MR free layer. The center shift of the free layer degraded the TAA at low linear recording density. However, when the linear recording density was larger than about 500 kfci in our case, the TAA increased with increasing the center shift of the free layer.
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  • Simon See C. W.
    Article type: Article
    Session ID: MMS2000-63
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
    The growth of material and semicondutor technology enable the tremendously increase in disk density. Hard disk capacility has grown from mega-byte capacility to gigibtye and maybe we may even seen terbytpe disk in the near future. With the growth in disk capacity, we also see a increase in volume of data. Getting terabtyes of data in and out of disks is not trivial, especially with realtime requirement. In this paper, we discuss a new system achitecture and file system that is specifically designed to handle large data requirement.
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  • Article type: Appendix
    Pages App1-
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
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  • Article type: Cover
    Pages Cover2-
    Published: November 15, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
    CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS FREE ACCESS
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