This experimental study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity of pure titanium, titanium nitride, titanium alloy and stainless steel in vitro using an MC840106 cell line established from mouse calvarial bones. The cytotoxicity evaluation in this study was based on the cell growth rate, incorporation of 3H-thymidine and cell morphological changes by light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic observations.
The results may be summarized as follows: 1. Pure titanium, titanium nitride, titanium alloy and stainless steel had no significant cytotoxic action on cell morphologies and extensions. 2. In cell growth rates in the presence of the metals, there were no significant differences compared with the control. However, titanium alloy and stainless steel tended to decrease the cell growth rate. An excellent growth rate was obtained with titanium nitride. 3. Pure titanium, titanium nitride and the control produced no significant differences in incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA. However, the incorporation of 3H-thymidine was significantly inhibited by titanium alloy and stainless steel compared to control. 4. On examining the elution of metallic elements from the metal plates into a culture medium, titanium elements were detected in the culture medium containing pure titanium, titanium nitride or titanium alloy. However, the elution of titanium elements from titanium nitride was negligible compared with pure titanium and titanium alloy. Aluminum or a ferrous element was detected on titanium alloy and stainless steel. Other elements were less than the limits of detection. The above results may suggest that titanium nitride is a very useful biomaterial.
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