The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tensile bond strength of resin cements to enamel or dentin, one-hundred-and-twenty freshly extracted bovine incisor teeth were ground to expose the enamel and dentin surfaces. Two kinds of self-adhesive resin cements (Maxcem^<TM>: Kerr and Smartcem^<TM>; Dentply-Sankin) and two kinds of self-etching primer resin cements (Linkmax^<TM>: GC and Resicem^<TM>: Shofu) were used in accordance with each manufacturer's instructions. In the Maxcem and Smartcem groups, a subset of samples were treated by etching with 40% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds and applied to both the enamel and dentin prior to luting, and were designated as the etched Maxcem and etched Smartcem groups. All resin cements were bonded in a stainless steel mold onto enamel or dentin. After bonding, the specimens were stored in water at 37℃ for 24 hours, and the tensile bond strength was measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/minute. The data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey-Kramer test. Maxcem and Smartcem had lower bond strength to both enamel and dentin than Linkmax and Resicem (p<0.05). Phosphoric acid etching significantly increased the tensile bond strength of Maxcem and Smartcem to enamel (p<0.05) but not to dentin. These results suggested that self-adhesive resin cement had a lower bonding effectiveness to enamel and dentin than self-etching primer resin cement.

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The studies of lymphatic architecture and distribution are increasing in importance in the investigation of the routes of tumor metastasis, treatment of edema and the development of lymphaticovenular anastomosis. In this study, lymphatic architecture and distribution beneath the buccal mucosa of mice were investigated using enzymatic histochemical staining and analysis of the three-dimensional lymphatic architecture using a new 3D reconstruction method. Using the obtained histological image, buccal mucosa was vertically divided into three areas including the upper area from corresponding buccal mucosa to occlusal plane (U), corresponding buccal mucosa to occlusal plane (O) and lower area from corresponding buccal mucosa to occlusal plane (L) areas. Anteroposteriorly, buccal mucosa was divided into four areas comprising the corresponding buccal mucosa to incisor (I), corresponding buccal mucosa to edentulous area (E), corresponding buccal mucosa to molar (M) and fauces area of buccal mucosa (F) areas. Network formation of the lymphatic vessels was observed subepithelially at the buccal mucosa. The networks of the lymphatic vessels were finer than the blood vessels. The precollecting lymphatics heading to the suprafascial collecting lymphatics right below the mucosa was observed on O area. Entering short connective tissue papillae, blind-ends were observed most on LM and OM areas followed by LE and OF areas. It is suggested that the thickness of cornified layers in mucosal epithelium and the entire thickness of the epithelial layers has an effect on drug penetration. In addition to that, UM area is considered to be an effective area to place drugs that require instantaneous effects in terms of penetration. Our results also suggested that OM area is an effective place for drugs with high molecular weight.

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We found a case of the right maxillary artery piercing the temporal muscle in a 71-year-old Japanese male cadaver during an anatomical dissection carried out at Iwate Medical University in 2005. The main route of the maxillary artery in this case was running near the infratemporal ridge which was the extreme inferior origin of the temporal muscle. The origin of the pierced muscle bundle by this artery was from the infratemporal ridge to the infratemporal fossa. At the mastication, the route of the maxillary artery piercing the temporal muscle was thought productive of a disturbance in the bloodstream. We alerted the surgeon about the route in this case when the operation area reached the pterygopalatine fossa.

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Malignant lymphoma is considered to be neoplasm of lymph node or lymphoid tissue. The head and neck resion is favorite site of this tumor, but intraoral presentation of lymphomas is an uncommon occurrence, and sublingual gland is extremely rare site. We report here a case of malignant lymphoma in the sublingual space. Malignant lymphoma is deficient in a clinical finding, and it is difficult diagnosis. At first, we performed ultrasonography for this case, and suspected it was a tumor not a cyst because significant blood flow was detected as a power Doppler signal in this lesion. It is said to be malignant 80% of a tumor to occur in sublingual gland. For reasons mentioned above, we doubted this lesion with a malignant tumor. The histological diagnosis was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the sublingual gland. We confirmed usefulness of power Doppler to differentiate the mass revealed occurred in this region.

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