ABSTRACT : Recently, the government and many local governments of Japan are implementing projects for enhancing to use unutilized and underutilized resources as seafood, however, there are very few previous studies on the issues and actual situations regarding utilization of the resources. Significances of utilization and generated factors for the unutilized and underutilized resources were discussed by an exhaustive review of research papers and reports. Through the discussion, it clarified multiple functions that were not only effective utilizations of the resources but also an improvement of the domestic supply and demand, and three other functions. Furthermore, the factors generating the resources were consolidated into 10 categories such as a labor shortage on fishing boat through the literature review. Through the analysis of three case studies, we clarified the essences to improve a distribution of the resources, which were mainly explanation of a necessity of landing fish and operations to be acceptable to fishers, revision of purchase price, development of products, system for stable supply, and new channels.

ABSTRACT: As a management tool for conserving the coastal ecosystems and sustaining the livelihood of the local community, spatial zoning plans were formulated for the coastal area of Hormozgan Province, Iran with the engagement of local stakeholders. The zoning plan was formulated by studying four key planning factors, namely 1) priority conservation areas, 2) local human activities, 3) ecosystem risks, and 4) zoning framework. Information and data on the ecosystem and human activities were collected through detailed field surveys, and subsequently, priority areas for ecosystem conservation and local community activities were identified and mapped. Risks to the ecosystem were assessed by employing InVEST Habitat Risk Assessment model, and the outputs were utilized for setting and delineating the zoning boundaries. From these studies, zoning plans were formulated under five zoning categories each set with different degrees of regulations on human activities. The processes and methods established for formulating the zoning plan were based on scientific and objective assessment, and are considered also to be adaptable to other regions and countries.