This paper describes the relation between damages of water pipelines and casualty due to fire in the Kobe earthquake. Many fireplugs worked down because water pipelines were damaged and the insertion water from Hanshin Water Supply Authority was stopped. In Kobe city, there were 52 areas where casualty due to fire occurred and 529 people were killed in fire. It was predicted that there was a possibility that 32 - 45 people would survived in 6 areas if water pipelines were no damage and all fireplugs were working.