I aim to get a prospect of Southeast Asia for finding out strategy for promotion of Kyushu socioeconomy in this paper.1. We can observe industrialization of Southeast Asia and its rapid economic growth as a modern type of the historical and worldwide industrialism. 2. We can understand that the dynamism of Southeast Asia has occurred in the relation of pursuing among three beds, Japan, Asian NIEs and ASEAN nations one after another under the situation supported by products absorbing function of America and by capital goods suplying function of Japan. 3. A lot of foreign investments from not only Japan but Asian NIEs as well incleased after Plaza Consensus in 1985 have especially promoted ASEAN nations and made big differences for them. Some of them but shortage of infrastructure are: 1) occurrence of labor and skill or human problems 2) making horizontal industrial chain between Japan, Asian NIEs and ASEAN nations 3) progress to the societies taking countermeasures against environmental pollution 4) occurrence of "consumption explosion" and establishment of resort industry, although the poor group and regions or dishonest acts of the leading societies have still remainded 5) occurrence of some concentrated economy-growing areas over the frontiers. The most serious matters of them, I have considered are number 3) and 4),because environmental pollution increases accorcding as their economic progress and remaining poverty or dishonest acts lead political crisis when the growth of ASEAN nations decreases. 4. I suppose Southeast Asia continues to grow and a few of them end up to advanced nations, others and up in Asian NIEs, if they are successful to start in the proper growing direction and avoid these serious matters.

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Industrialization of Malaysia has been rapidly progressed under the New Economic Policy (NIP) embodying the Bumiputera Policy on a full scale during the last twenty years. The New Economic Policy was designed to achieve national unity through two major objectives of eradicating poverty irrespective of ethnicity and restructuring society so as to eliminate the identification of ethnic community with economic function. The second major objective of the NEP was clearly set out in quantitative terms by the outline Perspective Plan. According to the Plan the ownership of productive wealth should be restructured so that by 1990 Bumiputera owns and operates at least 30% of the total corporate equity, whereas the share for non-Bumiputera is supposed to be 4O% and the rest of 30% goes to non-Malaysian. The employment at all occupational levels was also expected to reflect the ethnic composition of the country by 1990. Based upon the policy, by way of securing and investing the public financial resources, active acquisition activities have been carried out so as to gain the Bumiputera control over the formerly British and Chinese controlled enterprises. As a result, Bumiputera gradually succeeded to control more and more corporate shares through public corporations funded by state financial resources. While the process of both Malaysianization and Malayanization of the primary sector steadily proceeded, in the manufacturing sector where bumiputera remained less predominant, foreign investment was encourageded to play an important role in line with the distribution policy in favour of Bumiputera's income and employment. From l970s onwards manufacturing establishments located in Free Trade Zones and Licensed Manufacturing Warehouses in industrial estates producing labour intensive and export oriented products set up by foreign investment flourished, resulting in the increasingly important role of manufactured goods in an exporting trade. Industrialization of Malaysia has been heavily dependent on foreign capital, similar to other South East Asian countries, owing to the strategy of gigantic multi-national corporations i, e. full utilization of cheap labour and abundant naturalresources of developing economies. Industrial policy of Malaysia. however, has a particular attribute of Bumiputera Policy which complicates the situation of domestic capital investment. Against the policy expectation of phasing-down of external capital of the British and local non-Bumiputera capital replaced by the Bumiputra capital, the strategy of Multi-National Corporations offsets the shortage of capital and enterpreneurship on the part of Bumiputera.

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It is very important to appraise the restructuring of the socialist economicsystem of China from a viewpoint of industrial geography, because the restructuringis going to affect the regional interdependence among the East Asian countries. This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of China's industrialization in the 1980'sand the recent change of industrial location in this country. China has continued to build up a new economic system basing on the balance between the market economy and the planned economy on the one hand, and between the central government and the local governments on the other hand. Some local governments have played an important role in the recent industrial development on the basis of their enlarged financial resources. The industrial location has progressed especially in the coast belt, and this region has become a new partner of the international division of labor among the East Asian countries.

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This paper attempts to review the geographical studies on Southeast Asia published in Japan after World War II, and to point out problems of such studies for the further development of the field. Most Japanese geographers who participated in the study of Southeast Asia soon after World War II had spent some time in the region during the war. In the latter half of the l950's, Japanese geographers resumed field surveys in Southeast Asia. Since then, agricultural and rural geography has been the main area of interest. Detailed monographs were written by those who carried out long-term participant observations in rural villages. More recently, geographers are increasingly concerned with the rapid change taking place in agricultural activities and rural settlements. On the other hand, urban geography of Southeast Asia was where few studies were accumulated, though there is now a growing interest in such urban studies. Geographers have also given little attention to the study of industrialization and economic develotcment, despite the fact that they have been major research themes for researchers in the area studies of Southeast Asia. A major focus of cultural geographers has been on minority groups, including the hill tribes in the mainland Southeast Asia, and further development of this field is greatly expected. On the whole, Japanese geographers have so far made a limited contribution to the area studies of Southeast Asia. It would be necessary to attach much importance to the field work, to expand the study area and research topics, and to train young specialists, in order to promote the geographical understanding of Southeast Asia.

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By 2000, the East Asian Orbit centered on Japan will be one of the largest economic power in the world in rivalry with EC and the United States. The development of this orbit has been brought about by the mutation of regional structure triggered by politico-economic changes, by and large involving the whole world. It has encouraged mutual investment, as was the most evident in the investment made in Chinese industries by South Korea and Taiwan. It goes without saying that the purchasing power of the Unied States has been the main driving force for development of all indusries in this orbit and trade frictions with the United States imposed a great pressure on the development of high value added industries and high tech and high touch industries not only in Japan but also in NIEs and even in China. It is argued that if the present politico-economic stability in this orbit deteriora tes, the East Asia Orbit will no longer stay competitive and will lose ground in the world economy. From this point of view, socio-political stability in the C.I.S. and North Korea is in dispensable for the continuous growth of the orbit. Fortunately, at present, a narrow channel exists between Japan and these socialist countries in forms of trade and mutual transit of citizens. Owing to the political changes in these countries, there is a hope to develop a new international industrial system between Japan and these countries, along with the direct investment being made by Chian, Taiwan and South Korea. Keen competition in the newly emerging oligopolistic structure of industries, in Japan, South Korea and even in Taiwan has accelerated and will further promote the development of complex linkages among these countries in the East Asian Orbit. This has been analyzed from a global point of view in the case of the automobile industry. Moreover, shortage of labor force in Japan and in South Korea and in Taiwan is an another driving force for the development of international division of labor. Foreign workers for training purposes will account for 700 thousand in 2000. Thus regular exchange programs among countries involved will be more important than ever. Social securities problems in several world cities will also become a critical issues in terms of maintaining continuous growth of economy in this Orbit. Therefore, exchange projects of administration know how and management information on industries and region will be also important for industrial development in this Orbit, in addition to the above mentioned international cooparation of technology for industries themselves and for the global environment.

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