Annals of the Association of Economic Geographers
Online ISSN : 2424-1636
Print ISSN : 0004-5683
ISSN-L : 0004-5683
Volume 44, Issue 1
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages Cover1-
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: May 19, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages Cover2-
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: May 19, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages App1-
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: May 19, 2017
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  • Shigeru NAKAJIMA
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 1-17
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: May 19, 2017
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    There were two cotton textile centers in Osaka prefecture before the Meiji era. Those were Izumi and Kawachi. Although the cotton industrial region was developed in Izumi after the Meiji era, in Kawachi a few textile workshops were located but the modern factory system was not developed. And then the cotton production center of Kawachi was declined. Hitherto it was pointed out that the decline in the Kawachi region was caused by the lack of the industrial capital such as was found in the Izumi region. In Kawachi the upper class of the peasants turned mainly not to industrial capital, but to commercial capital in the Meiji era. In contrast, a lot of peasants in Izumi turned to the workshop owners between the last of the Meiji and the Taisyo era. Thus we have had two development models of the cotton production center in Osaka, namely the Izumi type and the Kawachi type. But the Kawachi type model can not be applied to the northern part of Kawachi, because the germ of the modern factory system was found in the cotton production center of that area. In this paper I will analyze the movement of the cotton manufacturers in the northern Kawachi (Naka-Kawachi county and Kita-Kawachi county) in the latter half of the Meiji era. And I will prove that the development of 'the Izumi type' also existed germinatively in the northern part of Kawachi by that analysis. The analysis is based on the statistical year books, the factory directory and the documents for the foundation of the two textile trade associations. The traditional cotton production center of 'Kawachi Momen' was in the southern Kawachi, but the newly introduced textiles such as cotton flannel, towelling and 'Unsai' were actively produced in the northern Kawachi during the Meiji era. The non-powerd workshops which manufactured those kinds of textiles increased in the latter half of the Meiji era and then a part of those workshops changed to the powered cotton textile factories. In Naka-Kawachi county the producers of 'Unsai' and 'Atsushi' aimed to establish the trade association which controlled all of Osaka prefecture, but resultantly they organaized only the producers in that county. They failed to control all of the producers and traders of 'Unsai' and 'Atsushi' in Osaka prefecture, because the producers of those textiles were mainly concentrated in Kosaka village in the northern part of Naka-Kawachi county, but almost all of the traders of those textiles were concentrated in Osaka city. Only a part of those producers in that county turned to the textile workshop owners. In Kita-Kawachi county the producers of cotton flannel, towelling and the other cotton textiles located respectively in each producing center. Those producers were mainly from the cotton traders or the small and medium landowners. And then, though a large number of those producers turned to the textile workshop owners, those workshop owners were not followed by the new ones. The textile factories stopped to increase in the northern Kawachi after the end ofthe Meiji era. The factors of that stagnation were the shortage of the labor and the high wage level in the countryside, because of the migration to the city or the location of a various kind of factories owing to the accessibility to Osaka city. Furthermore those manufacturers carried out insufficiently the technical innovation. Though they had few effect on the market, they was influenced by the merchants of Osaka for the distribution of products. Those weak points of the manufacturers were owed to their small capital. Resultantly, though a few precursory factories appeared in northern Kawachi, the following factories scarcely appeared and the cotton textile industry was not developed in this area. But I can confirm that the appearance of workshop-owners in the northern Kawachi was equivalent not to 'the Kawachi type' model, but to 'the Izumi type' model.
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  • Satoru ISHIZUTSU
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 18-34
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: May 19, 2017
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    This paper focuses on infrastructure in Malaysia from the viewpoint of both industrial policy and location strategy of manufacturing firms. A part of this study is based on the result of the questionnaire survey which the author conducted to the firms located in industrial estates in Malaysia. The New Economic Policy was implemented in Malaysia after ethnic riot in 1969. One of the main aims of the policy was to mitigate regional disparity in economic development at that time. As one of the methods for it, Malaysian government undertook a strategy of industrial dispersion through establishing industrial estates in all states. Until then industrial estates had been located in the western side of Peninsular Malaysia. Although the strategy should have mitigated regional imbalances in Malaysia, new infrastructures, such as highways, ports and free trade zones, have been mainly established along the existing western part of the Peninsula. The government has relaxed regulations concerning foreign direct investment since 1986. As a result, foreign-affiliated firms accelerated their investment in Malaysia. Most of the companies have been located in industrial estates, in particular, along the main highways. It is found that there are several large industrial estates with more than fifty firms and a lot of small industrial estates with a couple of firms. Many of the latter are located in the less developed areas. One of the most important road networks in Malaysia is the North-South Highway which runs from Kedah to Johor. The construction of the highway was completed in 1994. The effect of Malaysian highway development is the building of three networks in and around the country. These are the intra-regional network, the inter-regional network and the Malaysia-Singapore network. The result of the questionnaire survey shows that 70% of the companies of electric and electronic industry have been located in three states : Penang, Selangor and Johor. Foreign-affiliated firms have appraised "existence of infrastructure" as a positive motivation to invest in Malaysia as well as "low labour costs", "political stability" and "investment incentives". In fact, they have made a great contribution upon Malaysian industrialization. One of the most important factors among infrastructure by which they decided to select the present location is the exsistence of "roads". As the result of foreign direct investment, we can see the clustering of manufacturing firms in urban areas. Malaysia has recently promoted high-tech industries and supporting industries. Such a cluster, certainly, are playing an important role in promoting both types of industries.
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  • Koichi TANAKA
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 35-47
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: May 19, 2017
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    It is necessary for regional planning to understand the regional structure correctly. Accessibility has been used as one of the measures for understanding the regional structure. Actual phenomena are consisted of various factors complicatedly, and as times went by, their structures come to be changed, thus a choice and a combination of attributes and parameters in formulas of the models are important to measure accessibility. Therefore, in this paper, the new potential accessibility model using the values of some distance frictions with considering quality of road linkages is established to understand automobile flow structures. The purposes of this paper are to calculate automobile traffic accessibility which changes since 1971 to 1994 in the Tohoku district, and to find which regional attributes give an impact on the accessibility of the city. The accessibility changes are measured by using the new potential accessibility model, and the multiple regression analysis is employed to search the regional attributes which give an impact on the accessibility changes. The data used are the Automobile O-D Survey conducted by the Ministry of Construction during the each autumn of 1971 and 1994. The main findings are summarized as follows : 1. As the the percentage of shortening of time distance by using express ways increases as the values of distance friction of automobiles decrease. Thus considering the quality of linkages is necessary to measure accessibility by using the method of potential measure. 2. Since 1971 to 1994, the value of distance friction of passenger cars increased from 3.211 to 3.501 because of the acceleration of motorization. On the other hand, that of freight cars decreased from 3.124 to 2.830 because of the extension of highway network. 3. The mean percentage which potential accessibility of passenger cars grew since 1971 to 1994 in the Tohoku district is 144.4, and that of freight cars is 1,387.6. 4. DID (Densely Inhabited District) population in the regional attributes give an impact on the accessibility of passenger cars ; in the same way, the economic attributes, including annual sum of retail selling, give an impact on the accessibility of freight cars.
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  • Hironobu ODA
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 48-57
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: May 19, 2017
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    It has been proposed that the Kitakami area, Northeastern Japan, is a newly developed core of the machinery industry in the peripheral Japan. However, there is little statistical evidence about it. The purpose of this study is to examine the rise of the Kitakami area as a new industrial district with using aggregate data on inter-firm linkages based on the Supplier Directory by the Iwate Public Corporation for Promotion of SMEs. Therefore, this paper elucidated spatial range, internal structure and external relations of the industrial area. The results are summarized as follows : 1. It is identified that distinct industrial agglomeration exists in the area, judging from the density of intra-regional input-output linkages (Figures 1 and 2). The boundary of the industrial agglomeration almost corresponds to the 'Kitakami Valley Technopolis' in locational policy of the state, i.e. Kitakami City, Hanamaki City, Mizusawa City, Esashi City, Kanegasaki Town and Ezuriko Village. 2. As to internal structure of the area, many suppliers accept basic metal works as common technological bases for many downstream makers located in the area. It presents complex linkages rather than subcontracting pyramids with vertical-near-integration (Figure 3). 3. The development of the Kitakami area involves new aspects of regional division of labor. The machinery firms in the Kitakami area not only contract with metropolitan firms for final goods and parts, and depend on firms in the surrounding area for labor-intensive processes, but also accepts orders of basic metal works (machining, stamp, die, mold and sheet metal work) from the Northeastern Japan (Figure 6). In other wards, the Kitakami are aplays an important part in the Japanese machinery production system as a 'regional center of basic metal works'.
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  • Itsuki NAKABAYASHI, Hirokazu TAKEUCHI, Akinobu TERASAKA, Shigeru TAKAD ...
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 58-64
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: May 19, 2017
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  • Yoshitaka KAZAMAKI
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 65-73
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: May 19, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 74-76
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: May 19, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 76-80
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: May 19, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 81-92
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: May 19, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages App2-
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: May 19, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (86K)
  • Article type: Cover
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages Cover3-
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: May 19, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (127K)
  • Article type: Cover
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages Cover4-
    Published: March 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: May 19, 2017
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    Download PDF (127K)
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