Inbound short-term younger visitors are an extremely large group in Australia. For example, the international revenue brought in by educational tourists is a big plus for Australia. Meanwhile, Japan receives relatively few inbound educational tourists. However, as Japanese universities and colleges are starting to offer some attractive educational programs in various languages for short-term visitors, educational tourism in Japan now has greater potential to receive high-end youth visitors from all over the world.

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The Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on 11 March 2011. It has caused significant yet complex damages since then. Not only the direct damage caused by the earthquake itself and Tsunami followed by it but also lack of power due to Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster and decline in domestic demand on account of harmful rumors and self-imposed restriction have come together to form this damage. This paper simulates the resilience of Tourism to natural disasters from the point of view of local employment recovery by applying Ghosh inverse matrix to Input Output Table in Fukushima. In this analysis in particular, we simulate the recovery from the damaged supply chains in each industry. As a result, although it varies a little, the other industry's employment recovery effectiveness followed by Tourism's preceded recovery is 2.10 persons per 100 million yen (employment increase index per economy recovery) which is higher than the average of all the industries of 1.24 persons per 100 million yen.

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According to the Ministry of the Environment report of hot spring use in 2009, the number of the hot spring resorts was 3,170 and the total number of hot spring sources was 27,825. However the number of the accommodations is decreasing year by year from 1995 at the peak. In addition, the total number of guests begins to decrease little by little from 1992 at the peak, also. One small hotel in Amakusa invested in personal development and established "health tourism". Using this as an example, this study states ways reproduce it's success for not only the hotel but the local area and also regional activation.

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Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania is the highest number of tourists out of all the new states in Germany. This paper describes tourist relations between the historic cities of the Baltic area (cities of Stralsund, Wismar and Greifswald) and the island resorts (islands of Rugen, Poel and Usedom). The results of this study are as follows; Stralsund and Rugen have especially strong tourism. Wismar depends not only on Poel, but also Stralsund. Wismar and Stralsund are one world heritage site. Greifswald has tourism relations with Usedom, but the city isn't as active in tourism as the other two. Greifswald has the positions also as an academic and industrial city.

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This study aims to examine the role of the main actors in Community-Based Tourism (CBT) in Tanzania from the perspective of endogenous development (ED). CBT is often practiced as a local development tool based on ED in developing countries. The local people is said to be a main actor as a participant in a development process, but ED needs an outside factor. CBT has other outside actors because of its two aspects: "development aid" and "tourism." It is important to manage tourism as well as development from the standpoint of outside actors. Therefore, the local people including community, aid providers/workers, and tourists have each role on social, environmental, and economical aspects according to the development stage. The notion of ED works well at an early stage of CBT for the capacity-building of the local people and community. However, it is necessary to cultivate a shared understanding and to clarify the level and contents of local participation in CBT to keep the program evolving.

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旅行を計画している者にとって、他の旅行者がインターネット上に発信したコンテンツは、行き先や宿泊先等の選択を助ける情報として重要である。本研究では、日本の観光事業者がオンライン上で自らのサービスを宣伝するために使っているソーシャルメディアと、中国・韓国・アメリカ3カ国からの日本への旅行者が旅行計画時ソーシャルメディアを活用する場合、インターネット上の「口コミ」(eWOM)がどのように流れるかを確認する調査モデルを構築した。その結果、日本の観光事業者がオンライン上で自らのサービスを宣伝するために使っているソーシャルメディアと、日本への旅行を計画するためにインターネット上の「口コミ」情報を探している潜在的な外国人旅行者が使っているそれとの間には、縮小しつつあるが大きなミスマッチが存在していることが明らかになった。また、上記の3カ国全てに共通する顕著な単一のネットメディアが、まだ存在しないことも明らかになった。更に、日本の観光に関するインターネット上の「口コミ」情報を国際的なマーケットに容易に出すことのできる最も効果的なネットメディアを確認する手法を、この研究過程において構築することができた。

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In recent years, "Tabiiku" was to be used in the travel industry. However, the definition of "Tabiiku" has not been determined. So, We fear to abuse of "Tabiiku". The present study discusses to clear the definition of "Eduvacation-Education by Trip (Tabiiku) -"Approach to the definition, we consider the following three points. (1)Examine the current situation in which working on "Tabiiku" in the industry, (2)Investigate the effects of travel to children on the questionnaire, (3)Hearing the experts opinion on "Tabiiku" The result in the present study, we define "Eduvacation (Tabiiku)" as follows. "Eduvacation (Tabiiku)" is the idea that trying to help the growth of human by obtaining knowledge, interests, values expanding, develop empathy from the experience of trip. "Eduvacation (Tabiiku)" has three elements and necessary to satisfy all: (1) The experience of the trip, (2) Sharing time, (3) As education material.

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Whether or not business models change, the travel industry is essentially a service industry. The Japanese travel industry must, first and foremost, keep customers satisfied. To do this it has to develop new business models, along Japanese lines, with this in mind. Graduate employment rates will improve if this happens. It considers theories of how to promote cooperation between leading travel companies and faculties or departments of tourism at universities, based on examples from the company for which the author works.

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Miyahara, Hikawa town became merged with Ryuhoku town in 2005. Has become necessary to change the direction of regional development by this. However, we have necessary knowledge to regional development. For example, tax subsidies, the activities that do not take advantage. This Event is a chance to revitalize the area. But event isn't regional development. Miyahara, "community building by the children." I'm setting a place to be active in various areas, including the inside and outside, implemented a unique initiatives such as "internship". And those event have disseminate information by "Small talk", "town newspaper", "Mass media". Such a, by the steady efforts have gained fellow. This is the reason that to achieve a continuous exchange. This point is that superior compared to other regions.

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This paper discusses the measures of rural activization through rural tourism development using rural resources. Rural China enjoys abundant resources such as untapped nature, tradition and culture, biodiversity, and agricultural products. Recent economic development, however, has created gap between urban and rural areas while losing traditional rural life styles and destroying rural environment. Against these situations, the paper focuses on mountainous rural area and rural area closed to urban in Liaoning province as a case area of field survey. The questionnaire survey was conducted targeting these areas with several questions related to rural resources, human capability, possible touristic development and policy implication for rural development. The result shows that there is high potential of tourism development, particularly in mountainous rural area if specific policy incentives are given for the development together with rural people's awareness on the value of their resources endorsed.

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This research focused on hotel business aims at clarifying connection of human resource and its marketing from the state of hospitality education and personnel training. It seems that the view of the internal marketing aiming at an employee's motivation and adjustment between organizations also changes the character of human resource management. From the research report about the career construction in hotel business, it is required to clarify the feature of its company, to raise the degree of employee's satisfaction, and to take into consideration to the responsibility subject of personnel development. And it can be realized from the empirical research about adult basic skills training in hospitality education that experiential learning is effective in improvement in adult basic skills. Simultaneously, some elements of adult basic skills brought the result that there was a difference, with the technique of experience study.

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In May 2012 Greece was confronted with the most difficult situation in these years, so to speak, after the First General Election in which any Political Party was not able to establish new Government. And even if one month later fortunately at last the coalition Government composed by three centrist parties was established in Second Election, unfortunately such an unstable image of this country affected almost all of the Greek Inbound Tourism sectors. The number of inbound tourists from foreign countries decreased generally in various Greek destinations. However, as long as I surveyed the statistics of Greek inbound tourism for recent years, regarding the number of international arrival, including the period Jan.-Jul. 2012, I was so surprised that some limited destinations secure stably larger number of foreign visitors. They were three islands of Aegean Sea, specifically Crete, Santorini and Myconos. The purpose of this research is to make an investigation into major factors of their good condition for international tourism. Actually I paid attention to the development of Eco-tourism facilities in agricultural districts, particularly in center and western area of Crete island. Besides, I took notice of the cities of Byzantine-Venetian-Ottoman Empire periods (13-19 Centuries), Chania and Retymnon, specifically the Traditional Settlements which are renovated with modern & marvelous atmosphere and diverted to some other purpose, for example to attractive accommodations, cafe, restaurants, souvenir shops etc. In addition to that, in these cities visitors are charmed to purchase the rural, agricultural and Natural Cretan products, and furthermore they are able to be satisfied in so healthy Cretan gastronomy which is regarded as an origin of 'Mediterranean Diet" (UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage). The good conditions for inbound tourism in Crete, in spite of Greek Economic Crisis, are caused by above factors.

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A heritage tourism development project in Duong Lam, an ancient village in Vietnam, is being carried out with the cooperation of JICA and Showa Women's University. At the same time, the Vietnamese government is preparing the submission of Duong Lam to the Tentative List of the UNESCO World Heritage Site. However, as the project proceeds, some gap was revealed between the local side's expectations for the increase of foreign tourists and the travel agents' evaluation for the acceptable capacity. Also, the local government's role for the conservation of the cultural heritage and the development of the local residents' standard of living is becoming more important as the country's economy develops. It is thought that Japan's experience with heritage tourism development planning will be useful to the related authorities tackling these subjects. Effective collaboration among related sectors of both Japan and Vietnam on technical assistance, cultural heritage conservation and tourism promotion is becoming more important for the balanced development of the area and the success of the project.

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The school trip in a Japanese school is planned as a thing which recognizes various knowledge on many sides and originally investigates it at the area, and can be positioned as "learning tourism." However, in a school trip in recent years, it carried out without also awaking what awareness of the issues in the travel, teachers also regards a school trip as one of the mere usual school events, and students and teachers has hardly paid concern for the meaning. The school trip to Tohoku district and Hokkaido in Japan which Fukushima Prefectural Aizu High School in this year under the Great East Japan Earthquake succeeded in making a newly think in local situation. Moreover, it visited Mutsu city in Aomori prefecture in connection with the history of Aizu, and succeeded in making a student realize historical relation in this area. In this paper, the subjects in the school trip as "learning tourism" were considered, referring to this example.

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In order to expand markets for female game fishing, I researched the needs of women who enjoy game fishing. I used questionnaire surveys of female game fishers who took part in activities at a ladies' game fishing class in Atami. As a result I found out that women tend to regard fishing as a fun tourist activity, and that consideration of good hygiene in the fishing field and the increase of customer-friendly events and tours that participants could easily enjoy made it more effective.

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Ryotaro Shiba has attracted and retained Japanese readers to his travelogue series, written while travelling the old roads of Japan and several other countries, for 40 years. The appeal of the series may be the fact that readers are able to imagine themselves on the old roads and discover new things through Shiba's eyes. The term 'abundance' was selected as a key word because Shiba seemed to use it frequently to describe his surroundings during his travels. In this paper, I analyzed the frequency of the term and how it was used by Shiba in 43 books. Results indicate that Shiba mainly used the term 'abundance' to portray the richness of nature in terms of its value to humans in 4 main time periods.

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Psychological benefits of tourism experience are one of the most important issues for tourism promotion planning at Japanese/local government. And, many DMOs should be responsible for customer retention by maintaining customer satisfaction (CS) and customer's loyalty. Psychological benefits and CS, loyalty are differing in concept, because psychological benefits are indicators of tourism's meaning on customer's quality of life, but, CS and loyalty are indicators of destination management. However, there are few studies about relationship between psychological benefits and CS, loyalty. This empirical study verifies effect of psychological benefits over formation of CS and loyalty at a destination. I found that psychological benefits would influence CS, loyalty, but factor loadings are less than emotion, CS.

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「2010年までに訪日外客1000万人」を目標に始まったビジット・ジャパン・キャンペーン(以下、VJCと省略する。)は、当初順調に訪日外客数を増加させたものの、2008年に発生したリーマン・ショックの影響を受け、2010年の訪日外客数は861万人にとどまった。しかし、訪日客の動向を市場別にみると、中国、タイ、シンガポールのように訪日客を2002年の倍以上増加させた市場がある一方、英国などは減少させており、市場によって成果に大きな違いがある。VJCの成果を評価する際には、このような市場別の視点が重要である。本論は、VJCの成果を踏まえた今後の施策の検討をするために、訪日客の動向を市場別、期間別に分析したものである。

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The purpose of this study is the identification of perception and characteristics of foreign language training of university students majoring in hospitality management. The author performed factor analysis to extract dimensions of perception for foreign language training, followed by a cluster analysis based on factor results naming three classified groups. Three cluster types, namely one group preferring multi-purpose education, another group preferring language learning and cultural experience, the last group preferring no foreign language training. Finally, the multinomial logit model was applied to identify the market by considering the impact of independent variables on each of the segmented markets. As the result, some significant variables were identified and could be used to enhance strategic marketing initiatives.

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This paper seeks to explore, compare and contrast the expectations around World Heritage status held by UNESCO, by national, regional and local governments, and local communities, with a particular focus on the tourism sector. It seeks to identify shared expectations, highlight divergences and identify contradicting expectations, and to understand the drivers of these. It focuses on a specific location -Tana Toraja- and the Torajan ethnic group in Sulawesi Island in Indonesia, to demonstrate whether UNESCO shares the same view of World Heritage concepts and desired outcomes as local Indonesian national/provincial governments and local residents.

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Suizenji Park is particularly famous as a tourist destination in the Kumamoto area. In 1632, a feudal lord of Kumamoto, Hosokawa Tadatoshi, built Suizenji. The third lord, Hosokawa Tsunatoshi, built a garden. It was designed in a style that provides a miniature depiction of "Tokaido." However, the tourists who visit Suizenji Park have been decreasing in number recently. In this paper, the author discusses why Suizenji Park is separated from the tourist draw in Kumamoto. In addition, the author considers a policy through which tourists could be encouraged to come visit Suizenji Park again. As a result, this paper proposes a private plan to promote sightseeing cooperation between Suizenji Park and Tokaido, with a special focus on the Tokaido Summit.

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