The purpose of this study is to examine the hospitality management industry by comparing hotels in the Japan Hotel Association with companies that received the “Japan 300 High-Service Awards.” As a result, this study found differences between the superiority of women working in hotels in 12 fundamental competency factors for working persons. In addition, there were differences among the hotels in the level of introduction and expansion for supporting the success of women in the workplace. From the point of view of service advantage, shorter working hours and long-term employment as well as clarification and penetration of the management philosophy and support for the success of women in the workplace should be priorities for the management. Construction of a system as well as a corporate culture that is beneficial for both men and women is expected.

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This study used card-rating conjoint analysis and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) methodology to determine which factors are considered of greatest importance regarding access transport connecting the newly-opened Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto Shinkansen Station with Hakodate Airport and with the Hakodate City center.
Analysis revealed that in addition to the cost of fare, other factors considered important were the required travel time, the burden of carrying luggage up and down stairs, the ability to secure a seat, and ease of transfer.
To improve tourism services within Hokkaido, it is important to provide ease of movement for travelers. The methods employed in this study were shown to be useful and effective in quantifying factors representative of the demands of customers using these transportation services, so that they may be improved.

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Tourist consumption is the target index of this paper. This is because tourism consumption is the engine of the economic impacts of tourism not only in Okinawa but also in other destinations. In this paper, the method of decomposing the product of factors will be used to decompose tourist consumption in Okinawa. This is because consumption is the product of “number of visitors” and “per-tourist consumption.” Compared to the method of decomposing the sum of factors, the method of decomposing the product of factors is much more complicated. Therefore, there are few cases of applying this method. In this paper, the method will be applied to monitor the 5th Basic Plan for Tourism of Okinawa to ensure the effectiveness of that plan. According to the results of application of this method, it would seem to be difficult to achieve the goals of the plan even though only just past one-half of the planning period has passed.

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Matsue is considered one of the three major cities of tea culture, along with Kyoto and Kanazawa; however, it is not as wellknown as the other two cities. The deep relationship between Matsue and tea culture developed due to the efforts of Matsudaira Harusato, Fumai, who was the feudal lord of Matsue in the 18^th century, and father of Fumai-ryu, or the Fumai style of tea ceremony.
The aims of this paper are to clarify the process of establishing Fumai as a cultural resource of Matsue, by verifying the events honouring former feudal lords held in the Meiji and the Taisho period, and discuss the potential of Fumai and tea culture in the development of tourism in Matsue.

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After Japan's defeat in World War II in 1945, Maizuru city in Kyoto Prefecture received Japanese military and civilian repatriates mainly from northeastern China, the Korean peninsula, and Siberia. Maizuru city itself received approximately 660, 000 people in a 13-year period. Among the military repatriates there were many internees forced to do hard labor in Siberia, U. S. S. R. “ Documents Related to the Internment and Repatriation Experiences of Japanese (1945-1956)” in the city of Maizuru were selected for UNESCO World Memory Heritage registration in September 2015. This registration offered a chance to reconsider a“place that received military and civilian repatriates” and recall the local identity, and further, carry out a tourism policy related to peaceful learning in Maizuru.
This paper clarifies the development of the tourism policy from cultural resources and historical materials and how they can be used for restoration of regional history recognition through the case of Maizuru city.

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The neoliberal economic regime has resulted in several public administrative services being outsourced to the private sector to ensure fiscal austerity. Thus, the question that the private sector should ask is, “ How should we operate this project?” In this study, I report on a small community group in Costa Rica wherein the profits derived from Community-Based Tourism (CBT) were used to operate the Wildlife Rescue Center, which was outsourced by the government. The Center is a facility used not only by villagers but also by people living in the cities. Through this case, I will reconsider the effective range of CBT, recognized as one of the tools for developing small communities ― including villages. I conclude that CBT also caters to regional interests.

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This paper attempts to examine the factors of differences among residents' attitudes and behaviour toward community activities for the improvement of townscape, and to consider the significance of the newly designated boundary of a community. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the residents of the community in Kuroe, Kainan city, Wakayama, where some old lacquer-ware industry buildings still exist. The main findings of the survey are as follows: (1) a positive attitude is related to residents' recognition of the value of their relationship with their neighbours and the area, and (2) the negative attitude of some residents toward community improvement activities seem to have changed to positive attitude after being involved in these activities and realizing their value to the townscape of the area.

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An Online Travel Agency (OTA) in Europe, Lowcost Travel Group, has ceased all operations. This bankruptcy had a significant impact on travelers, particularly to holiday-makers in the United Kingdom market. The company, established in the UK in 2004, moved its head office to Palma de Mallorca, Spain. At the time of the bankruptcy and resulting closure, Lowcost Travel Group had 27,000 customers with 110,000 future booking arrangements through the company. Under UK legal framework, because the company established a head office outside UK borders, customers of Lowcost Travel Group were no longer protected under UK consumer protection regulations. This collapse is a good example of bankruptcy by a travel agency under borderless circumstances. From the customer's perspective, the ‘charge-back' procedure offered by credit card companies could be one substantial method to recover lost money. This paper examines the limitations of the current regulatory framework in terms of consumer protection, and indicates the implications these may have on Japan's regulatory design in order to meet the current travel industry globalization trend.

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Over the past years more attention has been paid than ever to culture at Japanese inbound market. However, there seems to be little discussion on what actually constitutes culture. Objective of this study is to understand what Britain defines culture and how VisitBritain, Britain's Destination Marketing Organization, puts culture in business practice. According to literature review of‘ Culture and Heritage' that VisitBritain made and hearing survey toward VisitBritain, it was discovered that VisitBritain has identified pre-selected culture, and manages it to be marketed globally in an effective manner.

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This article discusses tourism as a means to enhance the quality of life for all people. Tourism is also a means to enhance the level of welfare in people's day-to-day lives. This article, particularly argues about providing systems and services that expand the opportunity for those who need support in travelling to participate in tourism. This is important in order to facilitate participation of the ‘disadvantaged in travelling' to tourism, whose needs are different in every single individual with ages and physical conditions. With administrations, private companies, NPO playing their own roles, it would be possible to expand the opportunity of the ‘disadvantaged in travelling' of different ages and physical conditions to participate in the tourism. And with this done, tourism can be the means to enhance the level of welfare for everyone.

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World-wide tidal wave of Open Sky has created an opportunity for NWC (Network Carriers) to organize global alliance and expand their global reach to the world market. In this context, LCC (Low Cost Carriers) are often grasped and argued as competitive issues between both airline businesses. This study tries to reveal fundamental difference between two airline structures, by clarifying concept of “LCC Business Model”. Then, this study further reveals that such fundamental difference would urge them to coexist as newly born airline infrastructure and contribute to social surplus by way of new demand for low fare and Point-to-Point network produced by LCCs. Finally, this study observes and examines LCCs being transformed to NWC in the US market, and penetrates possible transformation and prospect of LCCs in other market. This study would expectedly contribute to conception of Japan Open Sky policy to come.

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Currently Japan is infested with products which are introduced as “local” products while those in fact do not contain local ingredients taking advantage of the fact that there is no indication of such ingredients in the country. I point out that there is a high possibility of causing troubles in tourism, thus propose the enhancement measures. I have addressed the Mexican tequila in order to consider the enhancement measures, and have resulted that Japan should have a public certification of region provided and that the system which divides “100% local” and “Not-100% local products” would be effective.

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In the 21^st century, the global cruise market is continuing to grow and evolve at a record pace. Accompanying this growth, research on cruises is being conducted within the field of tourism studies, constituting a new research area. In recent years, mainly in the United States, many researchers have actively conducted research focusing on cruise marketing and management.
Previous research, however, has failed to determine the origins of the cruise, with most researchers recognizing it as coming from 19th-century Europe, but without conclusive evidence.
Along with the definition of the cruise, a verification of historical fact shows the cruise to have originated in ancient Roman times. The third Roman emperor, Caligula, created several huge vessels, one of which was a cruise boat.
The purpose of this study is to elicit new information regarding the origins of the cruise, based on tourism archeology. Tourism Studies is an interdisciplinary study comprising several academic areas. This paper consists of research from both archaeological and tourism studies.

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Tourist resources in Muroran, Hokkaido are night view of factories. However, its popularity is low, tourists are decreasing.
Therefore, in this paper, grasp the actual condition of night view of factories in Muroran and clarify the issue by questionnaire.
From the analysis, grasped the following:
1) Muroran's tourists are decreasing. However, the number of guests on the night view tour bus has increased, the tourists' repeat rate and satisfaction are high. So, Muroran night view of factories has potential.
2) Websites for tourists are effective.
3) High-profile hot springs such as Noboribetsu Onsen and Toyako Onsen are near Muroran. Therefore, guests stay at that hot springs and don't stay Muroran.
4) The reputation for traffic to night view spots are bad.
From the above, it's necessary to consider that construction of traffic to the night view spots, attracting customers by the website, attracting customers using nearby famous hot springs.

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The use of railways purely for transportation in tourism has changed in recent years with an increase riding railways for pleasure. The number of the everyday railway users is decreasing in many areas, except for the metropolitan areas. There are many places where the continued of use route are in danger of closing down.
For example, district of Boso-Peninsula in Chiba-prefecture a line there local railways, Isumi-Rrailways, and the Kominato-Railways are danger of closing.
In this report, I examine the tourist trains of the Isumi-Railways and Kominato-Railways identifying their influence and problems.
As a result of local investigative and interviews conducted with various public institutions including the Chiba-prefecture the local governments, I was able to present my result in a formal hearing. The results of the hearing were that the state wanted to make a plan to sell and at trach those tourists without vehicles.
In response tourist facilities are active in their efforts to increase tourist numbers. At present, there is a lack of contact infrastructure. However, this is currently being addressed.

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The Japanese government has set the target of 20 million foreign visitors in Japan by the year 2020. With such intention, the number of visitors is constantly on the rise, and thereby has created tight accommodation demand centering on major cities. Furthermore, Tokyo Olympic Games and the Paralympic Games of 2020 forecast a skyrocketing accommodation demand during the designated short term. In response to the expected occurrence, the use of private housing service is being examined for the market. Although effective utilization of private rental housing service in the rural areas is also being considered, there have been criticisms of unstable issues regarding safety and customer-local conflicts. This article's intention is to examine the new framework and thereby contributing to the improvement of Japanese private housing service.

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The article examines value creation, co-creation and value-in-context in service-dominant logic (S-D logic), which is defined as the application of competences for the benefit of another party, in order to analytically define the value for customers and value-incontext in Tourism Marketing. It is because compared with the traditional view of Marketing (G-D logic), S-D logic is probably applicable to understand and consider modern society and business. As a result, it suggests that value-in-context which is formalized the unique and contextual interpretation of value is very important factor to define the value for each customer as well as customer's tourism experience. At the same time, it is necessary to more clarify value-in-context due to offer value propositions for customers and interactive co-creation.

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The paper discusses on the development of Chinese market of wedding photography in Japan, in particular for a photo taking prior to the event, targeting Chinese wedding couples. The analysis was made based on the result of questionnaire survey for visitors to the 4^th Hong Kong wedding exhibition held in 2015 - 2016. It sets various questions related to photography for a wedding. The result identifies that further market development in Japan needs an integrated wedding plan with a set of wedding and photo taking including a more close contact with customers to realize their needs and expectation in a wedding。

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