Journal of Groundwater Hydrology

Mechanism of Natural Arsenic Pollution of Shallow Groundwater in the Northern Part of Osaka Prefecture, Japan

Harue MASUDA, Yuichi IBUKI, Kazuo TONOKAI

1999 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 133-146
Published: August 31, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1987.41.133

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Spring waters and their host rocks and soils were chemically analyzed to elucidate the formation mechanism of naturally arsenic polluted groundwater in the northern part of Osaka Prefecture. The pH of arsenic containing water (up to 25μtg/l) is found to be higher than 7.3, and an increase in pH indicates an increase in the arsenic content. The arsenic contents in the spring waters in the Kamitodoromi area, where the water was flowing from the thinly covered soils or from the underlying Paleozoic to Mesozoic sedimentary formation, is found to increase with increase in alkalinity and SO42-. Such chemical characteristics indicate that the arsenic polluted water was formed by oxidation-decomposition of sulfide minerals which contain arsenic as impurity in the groundwater paths. High pH under high oxidizing condition of the groundwater prohibits adsorption of arsenic by iron hydroxides and/or clay minerals.

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Integrated Numerical Modeling of Surface-Subsurface-Coupled, 2-Phase Fluid/Heat Flow in Limnological System No. 1 New Type of Modeling and Experimental Study

Hiroyuki TOSAKA, Akira ITOH, Masaki TANAKA, Taku IWAI

1999 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 147-158
Published: August 31, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1987.41.147

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This paper describes the comprehensive modeling method of fluid and heat flows in the hydrological system. Based upon the concept that the hydrological system is composed of the air-water 2-phase fluids, and the rock phase, various natural processes are modeled including surface/subsurface 2-phase mass transfer, heat exchanges between fluid phases, between fluid and solid phases, and sensible/latent heat exchanges on the ground surface. A field-oriented numerical simulator is developed, in which a set of governing equations is solved for different variables on the surface and in subsurface regions, respectively. Results of an experimental study are presented, in which transient formulation of heat exchange between fluid/solid phases is examined through matching of the observation and calculated performances.

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2-phase Fluid/Heat Flow in Limnological System No. 2 Discussion of the Applicability through Actual Field Simulation

Hiroyuki TOSAKA, Akira ITOH, Taku IWAI

1999 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 159-176
Published: August 31, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1987.41.159

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This paper presents the results of field application of the generalized hydrological simulator proposed in the preceding paper, in which the surface-subsurface fluid/heat processes taking place in limnological system are modeled based upon the air-water-rock interactions.
The field case study is done to evaluate the environmental influence of a multi-purpose dam construction on the temperature behavior of surface water and groundwater in the downstream area. Establishing a 3-D topographical/geological grid model including atmosphere/surface/subsurface regions, one year history matching simulation is done successfully by utilizing the meteorologic records and sets of continuous field measurements with respect to temperatures, flow rate, and groundwater level. The reproducibility of the numerical model is further checked by the subsequent 2-month, daily-based studies, in which the observed behavior of river temperature is satisfactorily traced by the simulator.

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The Origin of Phosphorus in the Underground and Spring Waters at the Foot of Mt. Fuji and in the Kofu Basin, Central Japan

Hiroshi KOBAYASHI, Satoshi KOSHIMIZU

1999 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 177-191
Published: August 31, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1987.41.177

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Phosphorus concentration in the underground and spring waters used for tap water in Yamanashi and Shizuoka prefecture was studied and distinct differences of phosphorus concentration between two areas were found. Specifically, the underground and spring waters at the foot of Mt. Fuji have high phosphorus concentrations (0.089mg/l - 0.212mg/l ) and the underground and spring waters in the Kofu basin have low phosphorus concentrations (0.003mg/l -0.082mg/l).
The strata at the foot of Mt. Fuji mainly consist of basaltic rocks and sediments. On the other hand, the strata of the Kofu basin generally consist of andesitic and granitic rocks and sediments. It is well known that basalt has a high concentration of phosphorus, followed by andesite with moderate concentrations and granite which has poor phosphorus concentration.
We conclude that the regional differences of phosphorus concentration in the underground and spring waters located at the foot of Mt. Fuji and in the Kofu basin can be explained by geochemical conditions rather than artificial effects.

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Measurments of Groundwater Velocity by CCD Camera in Field Observation Wells and Its Vertical Distribution

Keiichi YAMADA, Hajime ARAKAWA

1999 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 193-201
Published: August 31, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1987.41.193

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To observe the groundwater flow directly, measurements of groundwater velocity in 15 wells were carried out by veloci-meter using CCD camera at the Musasino Diluvial Terrace, Japan.
15 observation wells were installed for measuring velocity in wells. In each wells groundwater velocity (V) were measured in 5∼7 points every lm depth, at Jul, Aug, Sept and Dec,1997. From the results of measurements, wells were classified into two types,4 wells belong to type A are having a high speed layer with velocity over 0.1cm/s,11 wells belong to type B are having only low speed layer. The velocity of high speed layer increases with groundwater level but the velocity of low speed layer decreases with groundwater level.
To evaluate the measurements, (V) by CCD camera were compared with the results of point dilution method (V_p). (V) had similar profile to V_p.

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Introduction of Fundamental Approach for Groundwater Modeling 1. Preface

Yuji TAKESHITA, Shinji YASUIKE

1999 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 203-204
Published: August 31, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1987.41.203

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2. Groundwater Recharge Modeling

2. 1 Rainfall Infiltration and Groundwater Recharge

Toshiaki HIRAYAMA

1999 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 205-212
Published: August 31, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1987.41.205

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Visit to Valuable Water Springs (46) Valuable Water Springs on Rishiri Island in Hokkaido, Japan

Kanrozen Spring and Submarine Groundwater Discharge

Atsunao MARUI, Masaya YASUHARA, Takeshi HAYASHI

1999 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 213-220_1
Published: August 31, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1987.41.213

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