本研究では，土壌汚染対策法の第二種特定有害物質として指定されている重金属等9 物質（Cd，Pb，Hg，Se，Cr^6＋，As，F，B，CN）に対して発光バクテリア（Vibrio fischeri）による急性毒性試験を実施し，本手法の土壌汚染評価手法としての有効性を検討した。Cd，Pb，Hg，Cr^6＋，As，Se 及びB について，本手法が土壌含有量基準値に基づく土壌汚染のスクリーニングに利用できることを示した。さらに，Cd，Pb，Hg，Cr^6＋，As 及びSe の各濃度と急性毒性影響との間に相関性を見出し，その定量化を行うことによって，これら6 種による個々の土壌汚染の定量評価を可能とした。

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Spring waters were sampled at the discharging points and analyzed for EC and major anions in three small spring complexes located near Madison, Wisconsin. The purpose of this study was to elucidate a meter-scale spring water chemistry variation at the time of discharge, which may shed light on underground flow paths of the spring water.
The major anion concentrations (Cl^－ and NO₃^－) showed strong effect of land use such as road salts in the urban watershed and N-fertilizer applications in agricultural fields. The STDs of Cl^－ in an urban watershed and NO₃^－ in an agricultural watershed were 27.4% and 39.9% of their average concentrations, respectively. It was found that the major anion concentration in each spring complex has large spatial variations even within a meter-scale separation.
Based on the hydrogeology and land use of the watersheds, the large chemistry variation observed could be caused by the solutes from different source areas, that converge towards a small discharge zone with little mixing and discharge into close but different points in the same spring complex.
Acquisition of more detailed information on hydrogeology and water quality is required to better understand the causes of the observed large variation of chemistry within a single spring complex.

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第55巻第3号（2013年8月）に訂正事項がありました。お詫びの上，お知らせ致します。
訂正箇所：292ページ，右下部記載の数式

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