Shigehisa, T., Fukui, I. and Motoaki, H. (1990). Stress coping strategy and mode of coping, in relation to proneness to cancer and cardiovascular disease (I): —Analyses in males, in relation to their parents. Japanese Journal of Health Psychology, 2,—. The aims of this study were (1) to examine the components of the cancer-prone and the cardiovascular disease-prone behavior patterns, as related to the ways of coping with stress, (2) to explore the association between these somatic disease-prone behavior patterns of adolescents and their parents (Mongoloids), and (3) to investigate the relationship between these stress coping processes of younger and elder generations, as measured by culture-fair checklist and questionnaire of Western origin. The mean ages are 20.7 yr. (adolescents) and 51.3 yr. (perents). Four types of disease-prone behavior patterns were measured by the questionnaire, for assessing the psychosocial types, of Grossarth-Maticek et al. Two coping strategies and four modes of coping were determined by the Ways of coping checklist of Lazarus and Folkman on a 4-point Likert scale. The cardiovascular disease-prone behavior pattern was positively correlated with the cognitive strategy and with the mode of coping through searching information, whereas the cancer-prone behavior pattern was not correlated with either component. However, both behavior patterns were positively correlated with components of emotion and direct indiscreet action. Although the cardiovascular disease-prone behavior pattern of adolescents was associated with those of their parents, the cancer-prone behavior pattern of adolescents was associated with the cardiovascular disease-prone behavior patterns of their parents. On the contrary, although either coping strategy, and also each mode of coping, correlated well with each other between two generations, and also between the parents, the adolescents’ coping strategy was not correlated with their parents’ mode of coping. Results were interpreted to show a possible paradigm for future behavioral intervention studies regarding these chronic somatic diseases. In addition, results of son-parents relationship suggested that parents’ rearing attitudes reflected by their cardiovascular disease-prone behavior patterns may have a significant impact on their sons’ proneness to cancer.

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Family Drawing Test (FDT) was performed with children for the assessment of cognition of family relation. In this study three children with psychomatic disorder were tested in the following manner: patients were given drawing papers, black and color pencils and instructed to draw their family as they please. Each patient was retested twice or three times at intervals of three months or more. Case 1: A boy aged ten, who had recurrent headaches, drew a picture showing himself watching TV alone. Post drawing interview revealed that his mother was extremely strict to him. FDT indicated the psycological problem that he could not satisfy the need for affection. Case 2: thirteen-years-old boy suffered from morning nausea and lassitude. He didn't include his mother in the family drawing. In this case FDT showed he didn't feel his mother's affection. Case 3: A girl aged ten who had recurrent abdominal pain after she had already recovered from acute pancreatitis. In FDT she drew herself comparably miniscule. The overall impression implied the immaturity of the patient's character development. In each case a series of appropriate counselling to patients and their parents were arranged. After enviromental manipulation, second or third FDT was retaken. Patients showed gradual clinical improvement accompanied with dissappearing of distortion signs in family relations which were observed in the first FDT.

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The author investigated how chronic patients selected their medical care by examining 1890 patients who came to a dietary medicine consultation experimentally set up at a Tokyo hospital. Although referral was expected to be the main decision making factor, it only accounted for 12% of the cases, and it was recommendation by other patients that ranked as the most common factor with 28%. Other factors included the influence of mass media with 21%, recommendation by natural food proponents with 19%, and by hospital, paramedical staff, are with 18%. These results suggest the necessity to look at the medical system from the patients’ standpoint as well as from the medical one. Examination of each factor shows that the older the patient, the greater the influence of other patient (family members, acquaintances) was, and the less that of the mass media. Further investigation of this question is comparison with other medical departments at other medical facilities.

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