健康心理学研究
Online ISSN : 2187-5529
Print ISSN : 0917-3323
ISSN-L : 0917-3323
24 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1~7を表示しています
原著
  • ──ニコチンの依存性と環境のストレッサー──
    鵜澤 悦子, 佐藤 豪, 瀬戸 正弘, 上里 一郎
    原稿種別: 原著
    2011 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 1-11
    発行日: 2011/06/30
    公開日: 2013/09/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    It is generally believed that the difficulty in completely abstaining from smoking is caused by the effects of nicotine contained in the tobacco. The relationship between physical and psychological dependence on nicotine, and factors related to the success in completely abstaining from smoking, as well as environmental stressors related to smoking were investigated. We defined the cutoff point for having given up smoking as 1.5 years. People that were abstinent from smoking after this period (n = 402; Mean age, 49.72 years, SD = 11.49 years) and those that had resumed smoking (n = 425; Mean age, 44.78 years, SD = 12.80 years) were investigated. Examination for physical dependence on nicotine was conducted based on the diagnostic standards for nicotine-separation in the DSM-IV. Nicotine dependence was examined using the ICD-10. Results indicated that physical dependence on nicotine was found only in 2.88% of those that were abstinent. Conversely, nicotine dependence accounted for 14.04% of smokers, and was higher than physical dependence. Moreover, those that resumed smoking were in high stress environments compared to those that were successfully abstaining from smoking. Differences in environmental stressor were considered to have an effect on the success of completely abstaining from smoking.
  • ──ストレス対処行動としての喫煙──
    鵜澤 悦子, 佐藤 豪, 瀬戸 正弘, 上里 一郎
    原稿種別: 原  著
    2011 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 12-24
    発行日: 2011/06/30
    公開日: 2013/09/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effects of smoking are wide-ranging. Reducing stress is considered to be one such effect. This study investigated how smoking and abstinence from smoking is related to stress coping behaviors, by examining such behaviors related to smoking, cognitive rating of stressors, and sensitivity to anxiety. Abstinent smokers (n = 402; Mean age, 49.72 years, SD = 11.49 years) and people that had resumed smoking (n = 425; Mean age, 44.78 years, SD = 12.80 years) participated in the study. Results indicated that abstinent smokers felt significant benefits of smoking as a coping skill that reduce environmental stressors. Moreover, those that had resumed smoking felt the benefits of smoking for controlling their physical condition. Comparison between other forms of stress coping behaviors and smoking indicated that abstinent smokers utilized a variety of stress coping behaviors. Furthermore, the results indicated no significant relationships between cognitive rating of stressors, or the sensitivity to anxiety, on maintaining abstinence from smoking. Results of this study suggest that people that resumed smoking practiced few stress coping behaviors, other than smoking. Therefore, smoking made a significant contribution to stress coping in people that had resumed smoking. If stressors from the environment are more than those caused by being abstinent from smoking, smoking behavior is expected to contribute significantly to reducing stress reactions. Therefore, it might be difficult for resumed smokers to stop smoking. Resumed smokers experiencing high environmental stressors are expected to seek stronger stimulation acting directly on themselves, rather than trying to reduce stress reactions. If resumed smokers have low environmental stressors, they will seek stronger stress reducing effects that can express their existence, such as self-expression.
  • 西田 三十一, 習田 明裕, 志自岐 康子
    原稿種別: 原著
    2011 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 25-33
    発行日: 2011/06/30
    公開日: 2013/09/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    Coping patterns that affect the personal development of nurses after experiencing the death of a patient that result in strong negative emotions was investigated. Nurses (n = 181) with 3 to 6 years of clinical experience participated in the study. They completed a questionnaire comprised of items from Finding Benefits Scales (FBS) and Scale for Coping with Bereavement (SCB). A cluster analysis of the SCB scores identified 4 clusters: active coping group, middle group, distraction group, and passive coping group. The total FBS score was highest in the active coping group > middle group > distraction group > passive coping group, decreased in that order. Active coping group had significantly higher FBS scores than the passive coping group. These results suggest that to advance the personal development of nurses after experiencing the death of a patient, it is important to create a workplace environment that supports nurses to develop active coping.
  • 齋藤 恵美, 神村 栄一
    原稿種別: 原著
    2011 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 34-44
    発行日: 2011/06/30
    公開日: 2013/09/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    “Coping flexibility” was newly defined. Moreover, the effect of decreasing stress responses were investigated from the following points: (a) variation of cognitive appraisal and coping in different situations, (b) variations in cognitive appraisal and coping using an unsuitable coping strategy, (c) goodness of fit between cognitive appraisal and coping, (d) discriminating between problem-focused and emotion-focused coping, (e) variation of coping from a tri-axis perspective. University student participants (n = 88) responded to the coping flexibility questionnaire, which identified their coping pattern for three stressful events. Stress responses were measured on four occasions during teaching practice. Cluster analysis of coping flexibility patterns indicated four groups: “inflexible and emotion-focused”, “flexible”, “cognitively flexibility and problem-focused”, “cognitively flexibility and not fit”. Results of an analysis of variance revealed that the “flexible” group experienced less somatic symptoms and social dysfunction than the “cognitive flexible and not fit” group. These results suggest that coping flexibility contribute to mental health.
  • ──青年期から高齢期を対象として──
    高井 範子
    原稿種別: 原著
    2011 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 45-58
    発行日: 2011/06/30
    公開日: 2013/09/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    Factors related to confidence building were investigated from adolescence to late adulthood in male and female participants (n = 1,741: age 18-92 years). A scale to measure confidence was developed based on the free descriptions given by the participants regarding their confidence. Factor analysis of the Confidence Scale scores identified four essential factors for developing confidence: “self-affirmation” “ability to build interpersonal relationships” “sense of capability” and “ability to recover” suggesting that confidence encompassed not only factors pertaining to competence and self-evaluation, but also the ability to build interpersonal relationships and recover from difficult situations. The study also investigated confidence in seven age groups ̶ university students and individuals excluding students who were in their twenties, thirties, forties, fifties, sixties, and seventies and above. The investigations were also carried out on the basis of gender. Results indicated a tendency for the mean scores of confidence to increase with age. Moreover, the mean scores for both males and females were significantly higher at the age group of 50-59 than that of 40-49. Females had more confidence-building factors than males in each age group. Furthermore, there was a significant and positive correlation between an individual's confidence and high motivation, autonomous lifestyle and attitudes, sense of fulfillment, and positive future prospects, whereas confidence was negatively correlated with the fear of failure.
資料
  • 矢部 真弓, 東條 光彦
    原稿種別: 資料
    2011 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 59-66
    発行日: 2011/06/30
    公開日: 2013/09/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    A scale to measure emotional work by junior high school teachers was developed. We defined emotional work as the need for employees to regulate their emotions, in order to express feelings in a suitable way within their organization. Based on the original Emotional Work Scale (Ogino, Takigasaki & Inaki, 2004), scale items for teachers were selected and revised with consideration for the current situation in schools. Junior high school teachers (n = 350: 162 males and 188 females) completed the emotional work scale for junior high school teachers (EWST). Exploratory factor analysis revealed 3 factors consisting of 13 items: Controlled display of self-emotion, Efforts to understand students' emotions, Emotional display for guidance. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated satisfactory fit estimates for the three-factor solution of emotional work. Moreover, estimates of internal consistency for the 3 subscale were sufficiently high (Cronbach's α = 0.85, 0.79, 0.72). These results suggest that the EWST reflects the content of emotional work by teachers. Therefore, it is suggested that this scale is an effective tool for qualitative and quantitative investigation of emotional work by teachers.
展望
  • 前場 康介, 竹中 晃二
    原稿種別: 展望
    2011 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 67-81
    発行日: 2011/06/30
    公開日: 2013/09/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    The role of self-efficacy (SE) in studies investigating exercise interventions, conducted with older adults was reviewed. A literature search using “PsycINFO,” “PubMed,” and “NII Scholarly and Academic Information Navigator” were conducted to identify relevant studies. First, we reviewed the following: (1) The role of SE as an outcome of interventions, (2) The role of SE as a predictor of exercise behavior and other variables, (3) Manipulation, or enhancement of SE, and (4) The role of SE as a mediator of exercise and other variables. Second, we reviewed three types of SE scales that have been used in previous studies: (1) Task-specific SE, (2) Self-regulatory SE, and (3) General SE. It is suggested that future intervention studies should consider the multiple roles of SE, as well as develop methods of assessing it.
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