Recently, training of supporters who have never supported persons with mental disabilities has become an urgent task, both in line care of managers and the Transition Support for Employment (TSE). Clarifying the mechanisms of relationships between support behaviors, cognition and emotion enables such supporters control the situation. However, research on it is underdeveloped. Therefore, this study analyzed data obtained from the interview with sixteen TSE staff by Modified Grounded Theory Approach. As a result, a dual balance model that “to balance the development of relationships within the center with the development of relationships with the users” enables “to balance the emotions of the staff at each step” was proposed. Managers need both group-level monitoring and individual-level assessment. The importance of “mutual care between staff” that has been overlooked in the previous studies on team management was clarified.

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The purpose of this research is to explore the process of transformation of and the factors influencing the sense of psychological ‘Ibasho’ in the professional lives of employees. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 people in their late 40s to 50s working in organizations. Data collected from research collaborators was analyzed using the modified grounded theory approach. Based on the results, 10 category groups, 31 categories, and 84 concepts were generated. The main findings are as follows. 1) To rise from the decline of the sense of psychological ‘Ibasho’, or to acquire it after its loss, one goes through the processes of self-reaction, self-reflection, self-understanding, self-transformation, and externalized action and, depending on this process, the way of grasping the sense of psychological ‘Ibasho’ varies from a non-subjective way to a subjective way of thinking. 2) The factors affecting the sense of psychological ‘Ibasho’ are “environmental factors (relationships with people, relationship with workplace, relationship with organization)” and “engagement with work and self-identification.” 3) “Relationships with people,” “relationship with workplace,” and “relationship with organization” are influenced by events such as transfers due to changes in work or the environment. 4) “Engagement with work and self-identification” has a developmental stage. 5) Loss of the sense of psychological ‘Ibasho’ is related to identity.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the internal transformation process of men who took longterm parental leave. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for 14 men who took a parental leave of more than one month in a private enterprise. The verbal protocols for each participant were analyzed by Modified Grounded Theory Approach (M-GTA). As a result, 67 concepts in 31 categories were created based on the data. The results are summarized as below: (1) Decision Making is promoted by Desire to Take Parental Leave, Positive Thought, Information Gathering, Contact with Men Who Took Parental Leave. (2) After passing through Interest in Work-Life Balance and Re-Exploring Career, Self-Centered Career Awareness transforms into Career Autonomy and Integration of Work and Life. (3) After returning to work, there will be actions such as Efficient Ways of Working, How to Work to Take Care of Trust and Efforts to Work Style Reforms.

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To explore measures to remedy Japan’s dearth of labor power, this study focuses on the population that wishes to find employment on nonpermanent bases, but is unable to, and is thus unable to join the labor force. In addition to obtaining an overall perspective on the actual situation of this population, this study aimed to shed light on how factors, such as child-rearing and caregiving, influence the population’s desire for non-regular employment. Secondary analysis of data from the household and health questionnaires of the FY2018 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions revealed that 66.35% of the population that wishes to work, but is unemployed, seeks non-regular employment. No significant relationship was found, regardless of sex or age, between child-rearing and the desire to find any kind of employment, suggesting the necessity to prepare not only non-regular but also regular employment opportunities for people who are occupied with child-rearing. Moreover, among the people occupied with caregiving, the young adult females and middle-aged-and-above males desired non-regular employment. In addition, while a tendency was found among young single adult males to desire non-regular employment, the analysis also suggested a tendency among those with poor mental health to desire regular employment. Further, a tendency to desire regular employment was found among single women, regardless of age. Indeed, young adult females in difficult economic situations seek regular employment, more so than other groups. Overall, the analysis suggested that both men and women desire regular employment and its stability, the more they are exposed to risks related to mental health issues or economic difficulty. Social support is necessary to ensure that living conditions do not restrict working conditions, regardless of sex or age.

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