The Japanese Journal of Law and Political Science
Online ISSN : 2432-1559
Print ISSN : 0386-5266
ISSN-L : 0386-5266
Volume 27
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    1991 Volume 27 Pages Cover1-
    Published: May 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    1991 Volume 27 Pages Cover2-
    Published: May 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1991 Volume 27 Pages App1-
    Published: May 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2017
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  • Ryoichi KURODA
    Article type: Article
    1991 Volume 27 Pages 1-2
    Published: May 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2017
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  • Kikuo KAKAE
    Article type: Article
    1991 Volume 27 Pages 3-14
    Published: May 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2017
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    1. Einleitung 2. Logik in der Rechtsprechung 3. Untersuchung 4. Schlussbemerkung
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  • Takeji TOHJO
    Article type: Article
    1991 Volume 27 Pages 15-22
    Published: May 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2017
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    1. Introduction 2. The Development of Day Nursery Administration 3. The Present Condition of Day Nursery Administration 4. The Responsibility Lies of Day Nursery Administration 5. Subject and View
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  • Yoshinobu TAI
    Article type: Article
    1991 Volume 27 Pages 23-31
    Published: May 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2017
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    The term of civil liability has various meanings. For example, liability on breach of contract, on torts, on surety etc. Especialy on breach of contract, the scope of liability shows a tendency to enlargement of culpa in contrahendo and the duty to concern of safety of party. In the fields of torts, there are problems whether we accept non-fault system and the concept of new rights, environmental right or neighbouring right etc. On the measure of damages, the conception of damage is not so clear, so there is much argument on awards of damages.
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  • Kotaku ISHIDO
    Article type: Article
    1991 Volume 27 Pages 32-40
    Published: May 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2017
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    1. Introduction 2. Corporate crime 3. Progress of medical treatment and criminal liability 4. Criminal liability in an information society 5. Feminism and criminal liability 6. Conclusion The decade of the 1980's was characterized by a variety of efforts to modify criminal law practices, to establish more detailed criteria for punishing, and to establish new criminal law theories and practices. In spite of this long-standing concern with criminal law theories and practices, our knowledge about related processes and outcumes is limited. In this article I seek to analyse the characteristics of new criminal phenomena and criminal law theories.
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  • Michihiko YAMAGUCHI
    Article type: Article
    1991 Volume 27 Pages 41-52
    Published: May 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2017
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    1. Jhering and Spirits of Modern Sciences 2. Jhering and Jurisprudence in Modern Japan 3. Critics on Japanese Translations of Jhering's Works
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  • Satoshi YOSHIKAWA
    Article type: Article
    1991 Volume 27 Pages 53-62
    Published: May 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2017
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    After the People's Republic of China(PRC)recovers her sovereignty over Hong Kong on July 1, 1997, Macao will also become the PRC's Special Administrative Regions(S.A.R.)under the direct authority of the Central People's government with a promise of a high degree of autonomy on December 20, 1999. From the Basic Law of the Hong Kong S.A.R.which was enacted on April 4, 1990, Hong Kong is intended to be a model of the concept of"One Country, Two Systems". This same formula is also applied to Macao. This "One Country, Two Systems"formula was originally proposed with Taiwan but has been applied to Hong Kong first. The framework, however, is not obvious. It contains much political and strategic meanings. From the objective viewpoint, this concept is ultimately contradictory, overbearing, and tkansitional in nature. It is the purpose of this paper to examine its historical background, concept and feasibility.
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  • Masahiro HATA
    Article type: Article
    1991 Volume 27 Pages 63-71
    Published: May 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2017
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    1. Introduction-the mean of"Freedom of Information" 2. Governmental Attitudes to"Open Gevenrment" 3. Bills proposed for Public Access to Gevernment-held Information esp. David Steels Freedom of Information(No.2)Bill of 1984(Part I) 4. Conclusion
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  • Tomiyuki OGAWA
    Article type: Article
    1991 Volume 27 Pages 72-89
    Published: May 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2017
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    In Japan to establish Familty Law legal rights, a marriage must be registered. The regislation is a separate formality from the marriage ceremony. The marriage ceremony alone does not constitute marriage in Japan. Property distribution problems and inequities upon breakdown of the relationships arise from the failure, or, the inability to register the marriage. In the past a couple could not register the marriage unless certain legal requirements were met, for example, one requirement being parental consent. These relationships were called "Naien". The couple's relationship lacked registered was not married, so they could not be treated as the married couple, but the couple had the intention to register and had been living together as a married couple, so the "Junkon principle" was developed to bring these couples, who could not register the marriage, under the jurisdiction of Family Law. The "Junkon principle" allowed the lack of registration to be overcome provided the couple met certain requirements. However, De Facto couples are increasing in Japan. In Japan these couples are ones that have no clear intention to register as a married couple, this could be evidenced by their choosing not to register when there was no obstacles preventing them from doing so. Also these couples may not be living together as a married couple in the traditional sense. Despite the increase in the number of these relationships the people who are in, or used to be in, these relationships are offered no legal protection. This situation would usually work to the woman's disadvantage as most property would be held in the man's name. Therefore there is a need to address this problem as the"Junkon principle"can't be extended to Non-"Naien" couples. Problems of this kind are not limited to Japan. In Australia there has been an attempt to address this problem by the creation of the De Facto Relationships Act N.S.W.. In this paper I will examine the Australian approach, some of which is applicable to the Japanese situation and would help to redress existing inequities.
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  • Schunsuke TAWA
    Article type: Article
    1991 Volume 27 Pages 90-99
    Published: May 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2017
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    Einfuhrung Der Zweck dieser Abhandlung liegt erstens darin, die Position des deutschen Staatsanwaltes in der Strafprozessordnung und im Gerichtsverfassungsgesetz als diejenige des Herrn im Ermittlungsverfaren, anders als in Japan, richtig uns verstehen zu lassen. Zweitens: liegt der Zweck darin, das Verhaltnis zwischen Staatsanwaltschaft und Kriminalpolizei (police judiciaire in Frankreich und in Japan), die in der Tat das Ermittlungsorgan ist, zu nachrichten und dann die Regelung bzw. die Ausschreibung, die Ausubung der beiden Zwangsmittel an sich und fur sich bringt, zu erwahnen. Drittens: die Gesetzgebung und Theorie um die Kompetenzkonflikte zwischen den beiden obengenannten, also zwischen Polizei und Staatsanwalt, das ist bereits erwahnt. Viertens: Einerseits kommt die Polizei dazu geordnet zu werden, kraft ihres freien Ermessens wie etwa vorlaufige Festnahme, Identitatsfeststellung und Vorfuhrung, dem Antiterrorismus(14.4.1978 in Kraft getreten)sowie auch der Regelung des Schleppnetzes (1986) zu entsprechen;andereiseits muss eine Aufgabe entstehen, d.h., wie die Deutsche Strafprozessordnung verhindern kann, die Menschenrechte der Beschuldigten wegen Zwangsmittels der Kriminalpolizei zu schadigen. Funftens: Was der Gesetzgeber vom Staatsanwalt als Vertreter des offentlichen Wohls und als Wachter des Gesetzes erwarten soll, um jene nicht leichten Angelegenheiten schon zu beseitigen. Was bedeutet eigentlich die Tatsache, dass der deutsche Staatsanwalt keine Partei im Strafprozessverfahren und Kontroller der Ermittlung ist und dereinzige Herr im Vorverfahren nach der Abschaffung (Beseitigung) des Voruntersuchungsrichters (1975) ist? Wahrend der Verfasser dieses Verhaltnis in bezug auf die Accusationsmaxime versus Inquisitionsprinzip, Parteiismus versus Professionalismus, insAuge sieht, will er versuchen, was die Position des Staatsanwaltes in Japan sein soll, deswegen, weil das japanische Staatsanwaltssystem vor dem zweiten Weltkrieg von Deutschland via Frankreich hergeruhrt hat. Vorlegung der Gegenstande 1. Wie soll die Verteilung im Ermittlungsorgan sein? (1)Die Frage uber die Ermittlung zwischen Staatsanwaltschaft und Kriminalpolizei in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. (2)Die Regelung daruber, dass, Wahrend der Herr im Ermittlung auf dem Gesetz Staatsanwalt ist, stellt die Polizei in der Praktischen Tatsache der Herr der Ermittlung im Wirklichkeit dar. (3)Vor-und Nachteile dadruch, dass der Staatsanwalt der Herr im Ermittiungsverfahren ist. 2. Wie ist es denn mit dem Herr im Ermittlungsverfahren zugegangen, indem die gerichtliche Voruntersuchung 1975 abgeschaft worden ist? 3. Wird der Schuts der Menschenrechte fur Beschuldigte noch wie vor sichergestellt, wahrend das Gewicht zur Polizei in der Realitat der Ermittlung neigt? 4. Kann der Schutz der Beschuldigtesmenshenrechte zugleich mit dem Parteiismus und der Akkusationsmaxime bestehn? 5. Stehn der Professionalismus und das Inquisitionsprinzip allseitig entgegendem Schutz der Beschuldigtesmenschenrechte? 6. Die Neigung der neuen Gessetzgebung fur eine Wirkung der Ermittlung durch die Lriminalpolizei in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Erwiderung 1 (1) die Dtrafprozessordnung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland sagt : Der Staatsanwalt ist der Herr im Ermittlungsverfahren. Und die Kriminalpolizei in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ist ein Gegenbegriff der Verwaltungspolizei. Aber weil sie das Organ ist, das die Beweise und die Beschuldigten erforsch t(StPO 160, 163), wenn sie erkennt, deB es etwas eine Straftat gibt, ist sie so gleich wie der "police judiciaire" in Frankreich und in Japan. Aber sie ist kein selbstandiges und erststufiges Ermittlungsorgan wie in mehreren Staaten der USA oder in Japan nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg(anders als der Staatsanwalt aber). Die Deutsche Strafprozessordnung bestimmt, dass die Staatsanwaltschaft grundsatzlich ein exklusiver Ubernehmer der offentlichen Klage durch den Staat und der

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  • Shin HANDA
    Article type: Article
    1991 Volume 27 Pages 100-113
    Published: May 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper is intended to describe the standard of civilization in the international law, focusing on the standard of civilization as a specific legal principle embedded in international law since the nineteenth century. The first part of this paper considered the standard of civilization and international law, in general;the following part examined the role played by the standard of civilization in the codification of the laws of war, in the Martens Clause in the laws of war and in the Opening Statement of Mr.Keenan in the Tokyo Trial. The relation between civilization and international law was a basic question of international law from nineteenth to early twentieth century. Although the old standard of civilization was phased out gradually, the holocausts of the Second World War, the threat of nuclear destruction and so forth have once again drawn back to the'new'standard of civilization. Some standard of civilization plays an another part in the laws of war with the laws of humanity.
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1991 Volume 27 Pages A23-A25
    Published: May 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1991 Volume 27 Pages A22-A15
    Published: May 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2017
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  • Article type: Bibliography
    1991 Volume 27 Pages A14-A1
    Published: May 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1991 Volume 27 Pages App2-
    Published: May 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    1991 Volume 27 Pages Cover3-
    Published: May 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2017
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    Download PDF (48K)
  • Article type: Cover
    1991 Volume 27 Pages Cover4-
    Published: May 15, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2017
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