〔Aims〕This study clarifies the actual situation of nurses’ non-technical skills and examines its influence on their employment status.

〔Methods〕We conducted an internet survey on the non-technical skills and employment status of nurses nationwide.

〔Results〕First, the most common skill type was “all-low type” among nurses with 9 years or less of work experience. However, subsequently, the type decreased. The “all-round type” became more common after they gained over 20 years of experience. Next, in terms of the relationship between skill type and employment status, job satisfaction was worse for lower-skill types. In addition, workload suitability tended to be lower for the types characterized by overwork. Finally, this study confirmed that work experience influences the employment status through non-technical skills.

〔Conclusions〕As many nurses with 9 years or less of work experience are “all low type”, it is necessary to provide them with non-technical skills training during their first 10 years of employment according to the skill type, to improve their employment status.

〔Aims〕This study aims to clarify the factors associated with risk sensitivity in nursing students to gain insights for patient safety education.

〔Methods〕We conducted a questionnaire survey of 756 nursing students who had completed all their field training to assess their risk sensitivity, other-consciousness, risk acceptance, age, gender, and number of patients under their care. The survey was an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Valid responses were obtained from 393 students （51.9%）, and correlation analysis was performed using the stepwise multiple regression method.

〔Results〕Nursing students’ risk sensitivity correlated with other-consciousness （internal other-consciousness） at β = .259 （p < .001） and risk acceptance （cautiousness at β = .375 [p < .001], readiness to take on challenges at β = .230 [p < .001]）, explaining 40% of the variance.

〔Conclusions〕To increase risk sensitivity in nursing students, it is necessary to support students so that they can act cautiously in accordance with the rules. In addition, training in the safe environment of simulation education may build students’ self-confidence and lead to proactive behavior. Furthermore, it is considered useful to design scenarios that would serve to direct consciousness toward patients’ inner states.

〔Aims〕This study aimed to clarify the experiences that deepen nursing students’ understanding of clients and how the process of understanding is structured, from their point of view, in an adult chronic nursing practicum.

〔Methods〕Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 nursing students who had completed an adult chronic nursing practicum. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach.

〔Results〕Nursing students first took steps to understand their clients’ physical conditions before understanding other aspects. Four categories were revealed regarding nursing students’ experiences to deepen their understanding of clients: 1） Building relationships by spending time together and engaging with the interests and questions of the clients; 2） Knowing the client’s recognition and true feelings; 3） Receiving the client as a unique life living person. etc. Students’ understanding of their clients was updated over time.

〔Conclusions〕Knowing the client’s recognition and true feelings and evaluating and reflecting on the client’s reaction after providing care are considered to be the factors related to the process of deepening nursing students’ understanding of their clients.

〔Aims〕The purpose of this study is to consider the difference of liberal arts education in nursing universities.

〔Methods〕 We examined the diploma policies （hereinafter referred to as DP） and liberal arts education subjects （hereinafter referred to as LA）. We drew a comparison of the DP and LA under the two categories −the 10 universities established before the generalization of the standards for the establishment of universities （hereinafter referred to as BU） and the 13 colleges established after the generalization of the standards for the establishment of universities （hereinafter referred to as AC）.

〔Results〕The words that appeared significantly more in the DP of BU than in those of AC was “solution,” “diversity,” and “information.” The words that appeared significantly more in the DP of AC than in those of BU was “nursing,” “acquire,” “community,” and “attitude.” Regarding the content of liberal arts education subjects, BU had many choices in “information” subjects and “foreign language” subjects. AC had a high degree of invasion into “English” subjects in nursing education.

〔Conclusions〕At BU, a liberal arts education curriculum was organized that included subjects for developing qualities and abilities that are the basis of learning, such as language ability and information utilization ability. Alternatively, at AC, there was a tendency for liberal arts education to be positioned as the basis of learning in nursing practice.

〔Aims〕This study aimed to clarify the state of learning of a nurse moving her work from medical facilities, such as hospitals, to the community. A case study was undertaken using expansive learning theory concepts and analytical models to determine the learning characteristics.

〔Methods〕Observation and interview data collected from fieldwork in collaboration practice examples of two activity systems between a group of specialists with a nurse who moved her work area from hospitals to a community and a resident volunteer group were analyzed.

〔Results〕 The nurse recognized the difference as some “contradictions.” First, the support required at the hospital facilities and in daily life was different. Second is the lack of competence in a group of professionals to provide the necessary support to the community. Therefore, by harnessing the power of transformation of the existing system, a new activity system with a resident volunteer group can be created.

〔Conclusions〕It was assumed that the nurse learned a kind of learning called “unlearn”, while accompanying the transformation of the activity system. Thus, the importance of sustained interaction with a small group of different fields related to nursing in a relatively free social space was hypothetically suggested.