Denmark and Sweden differ from each other in terms of immigrant inclusion policies and welfare chauvinism. Since the turn of the century, the Danish People's Party has taken great strides. The former Danish center-right government which chose to rely on this radical right wing populist party made the shift to strict immigrant policies. By contrast, the radical right wing was weak until recently in Sweden, though the Sweden Democrats has increased its parliamentary seats since 2010. More importantly, the Swedish immigrant policies remain unchanged in principle. This difference should be comprehended not so much by examining the present party politics, as by tracing back to the formative moments of the national, democratic and social regimes in each country. In Denmark, the issue of national regime was recurrently politicized, which led to a small state welfare democracy with traits of liberal nationalism. In Sweden, the inclusive state-society relation and strong corporatism were consolidated earlier than or in tandem with democratization, without strong national issues.

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The purpose of this study is to explore and clarify who is/are fullfilling the various functions of “community work” in Sweden today. The term and concept of “community work” is almost never found in the literature or discussions within the social welfare field now. This study tries to find answers from inside and outside perspectives of social work. As a result, it is found that both the concept and practice of community work as an art of social work has almost disappeared in Sweden today. However, from a wider perspective, the functions (citizen participation, community organization, social action and so on) are actually found in the characteristics of the Swedish social democratic welfare state and also in the tradition of civil society organizations.

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I analyzed systems and principles to support the independence for the elderly people in Sweden based on the field survey. I considered following points. First point was administrative support in Gothenburg City. Second point was home help services. Third point was meeting place where provide lunch and day activities. Fourth point was elderly housing. As a result, three recent tendency were analyzed. First, to avoid loneliness and to provide community care. Second, to prepare service and nursing care based on administrative determination. Third, to be emphasis of subjective participation by elderly people to determine the contents of care.

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