巻号一覧
55 巻 (2005)
- 2 号 p. 49-
- 1 号 p. 1-
55 巻, 2 号
December
選択された号の論文の4件中1～4を表示しています
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研究
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足立 幾磨, 藤田 和生原稿種別: その他
専門分野: その他
2005 年 55 巻 2 号 p. 49-57
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2006/04/14
ジャーナル フリーWe trained pigeons to discriminate photographs of human faces from those of other body parts, using a yes/no procedure. The birds were trained on the discrimination until they showed good transfer to novel stimuli. They were then tested on all-reinforced probe trials with a variety of modified “face” stimuli. The test stimuli lacked some or all of the inner features (eyes, nose, and mouth) in Experiment 1, or had some other feature of faces (color, hair, contour, and orientation) modified in Experiment 2. We found that the pigeons chose the key corresponding to “face” significantly less often for the test stimuli lacking color or hair than for intact faces. The results suggested that it was color and hair that controlled the birds' response. The weight each bird placed on any given feature for solving the task varied among subjects. In Experiment 3, the test stimuli lacked both color and hair. All birds chose the key corresponding to “non-face” in trials with the test stimuli. These results suggest that the pigeons used the two features to discriminate “face” and “non-face” stimuli in an additive way.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1593K)
資料
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金野 篤子, 朝比奈 潔, 弓岡 千尋, 小林 裕, 荒幡 経夫, 村山 司2005 年 55 巻 2 号 p. 59-64
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2006/04/14
ジャーナル フリーDolphins live in water and their vision plays an important role in their lives. However, there is only limited information available on the visual ability of dolphins. We examined achromatic color perception in a female bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) using a conditional position discrimination procedure. The dolphin was first trained to choose one of the two pouched cardboards placed left or right corresponding to the sample painted either black or white. Then the subject was tested with achromatic color (gray) samples of varying brightness. The proportion of the dolphin's choice of the two locations gradually shifted according to the brightness of the sample, suggesting that the bottlenose dolphin has achromatic color perception similar to that of the human.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1046K) -
上野 糧正, 谷内 通2005 年 55 巻 2 号 p. 65-69
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2006/04/14
ジャーナル フリーThe present study examined within-session decreases in lever pressing responses in domestic pigs bred under the ordinary feeding scheme of the livestock industry. Two castrated male pigs were trained to obtain 3.4-g food pellets by lever pressing responses. Under the continuous reinforcement schedule in 90-min sessions, pigs' response rates were completely steady for the first 30 min (about 500 pellets) and then gradually decreased. The decrease of response rates was equally well described as a linear function of cumulative food intake and that of passed time.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (452K) -
飯田 成敏, 木村 裕2005 年 55 巻 2 号 p. 71-75
発行日: 2005年
公開日: 2006/04/14
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of reinforcement and punishment on response suppression under variable-interval reinforcement and variable-ratio punishment schedules were investigated. At baseline, lever pressing in rats was maintained by a variable-interval food reinforcement schedule. In the punishment condition, responding was punished by a grid shock under a variable-ratio schedule in which three rats experienced four or five punishment rates and a fixed reinforcement rate. Results indicated that there was a negative linear correlation between the variable-ratio punishment rate and the response rate. Results of three rats that experienced five or six reinforcement rates with a fixed punishment rate indicated that punishment suppressed responding at all reinforcement rates. These findings suggest that the punishment rate was strongly related to response suppression under both variable-interval reinforcement and variable-ratio punishment schedules.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (426K)
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