An argument regarding self-subsistence of NPOs has been exaggerated its importance from the intuitive standpoint of-on-site practice. Although many precedent studies are seen mainly in the American nonprofit sector, which evaluate vulnerability of NPOs with some financing indices or case studies, few articles are seen which are either theoretical or analytical in Japan. Prior research regarding self-subsistence of NPOs has been deriving characteristics of autonomy and self-sustainability, but few studies have examined this empirically. This article demonstrates what factors effect the status of diversity of revenue source, which is one of the important indeices for evaluating self-sustainability, by using Herfindahl-Hirschman Index with financial data of nonprofit corporations in Japan. The estimation results find that scale of expenditure, number of active years, and location of NPOs effect the diversity of revenues sources of NPOs, while also showing some fields of activities tend to raise funding from less revenue sources.

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This study evaluates government measures taken in response to the problem of street children in Vietnam, and analyzes in the same time NGO activities taken in the same purpose. The research on the government’s measures demonstrates that a good legislation acted, an appropriate public organization was organized and effective measures were taken, but their appli­cation in the field was inadequate. The NGOs, on the other hand, take multiple social care actions for street children, all undertaken with respect to their human rights. The NGO staffs work in the volunteer spirit and the NGOs efficiently resolve one part of the problem, although their activity has a very limited scale. The NGOs should not be seen as a danger for mono-party dictatorships, but rather have a possibility to contribute to the resolution of social problems. Cooperation between the government, which has to implement obligatory education, and the NGOs, which possess effective know-how of social work, is highly recommended for the future.

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One of the most important roles for a municipality when a natural disaster occurs, such as a huge earthquake, is gathering information about the status of local residents within 24 hours from the occurrence of the calamity. This is a very important and difficult matter, as shelters in disaster areas are usually studded, therefore the whole situation can not be grasped easily and clearly. This study outlines a theoretical analysis of the case of Kashiwazaki city office coping with the Niigata Chuetsu-oki Earthquake. A concept of commitment flow helps to understand why they could gather and integrate information about local residents. This study concludes that the Key Officer System in Kashiwazaki city worked well in transmission of information about shelters upward, toward higher-level organization quickly as a latent function. We should consider this method of gathering information on shelters and lives as an element of “invisible disaster prevention” from now on.

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