Journal of Japan Academy of Nursing Science
Online ISSN : 2185-8888
Print ISSN : 0287-5330
ISSN-L : 0287-5330
Volume 29, Issue 1
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
Original Articles
  • Ruri Kawana
    Article type: Original Article
    2009 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 1_3-1_14
    Published: March 20, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This article aimed to report the characteristics of trained physical skills in nursing at pediatric wards. An ethnographic approach was used with long-term participant observation and interviews. The study was carried out over a period of one year and seven months.
    Six characteristics of trained physical skills were identified: “they utilize somesthesia for mutual interaction”; “they are situated”; “they are timely”; “they are difficult to verbalize”; “skills are refined through practice”; and “skills have a centripetality.”
    These skills are not merely procedures, but are a complete way of using one's body to work with children that can be instilled through practice and obtained on the job. Moreover, the following three items were found to constitute nursing skills:body movement and somesthesia, timing, and judgment. Together these factors bring about a change in the interaction between children and nurses.
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  • Atsuko Fukahori, Mizue Suzuki, Chieko Greiner, Tokiko Isowa
    Article type: Original Article
    2009 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 1_15-1_24
    Published: March 20, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore factors influencing behaviors for preventative self-care (BPSC) among healthy community-dwelling elders.
    Methods: The subjects were healthy community-dwelling elders aged 60–89 years. The study design was based on the Pender's Revised Health Promotion Model. BPSC was defined as the health behaviors practiced by elderly subjects in their daily lives towards the aim of living independently in their own homes and communities as long as possible. The self-administered questionnaire included demographic information such as age and sex and items regarding:instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), health locus of control (HLC), subjective well-being, knowledge of preventative self-care, the self-efficacy scale for health promotion (self-efficacy), BPSC and perceived barriers to BPSC. Data analysis was conducted using path analysis.
    Results: A total of 148 subjects gave sufficient data for inclusion in data analysis. The mean age was 70.86±6.36 years old. The final model showed a goodness of fit (χ2=26.57, p=.28, GFI=.96, AGFI=.93, and RMSEA=.03). Path analysis indicated that self-efficacy (β=.60, p<.001) and perceived barriers to BPSC (β=−.14, p<.05) directly influenced BPSC. Furthermore, knowledge of preventative self-care (β=.32, p<.001), age (β=.28, p<.001), subjective well-being (β=.19, p<.01) and regular hospital visits (β=.17, p<.05) affected BPSC indirectly through self-efficacy. HLC (β=−.22, p<.01), subjective well-being (β=−.19, p<.01) and availability of family care-giving (β=−.15, p<.05) also affected BPSC indirectly through perceived barriers to BPSC.
    Conclusion: These results suggest that it is necessary to provide support to enhance elders' self-efficacy and to reduce the perceived barriers to BPSC, in order to encourage BPSC.
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Reports
  • Kaori Tauchi, Midori Kamizato
    Article type: Report
    2009 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 1_25-1_31
    Published: March 20, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship of spirituality to spiritual care among nurses.
    Methods: Anonymous, self-describing questionnaires were used for research on 295 nurses who were caring for terminal cancer patients. These questionnaires primarily consisted of a spiritual rating scale, a spiritual care scale, and basic nurse attributes.
    Results: For basic attributes, the average age was 30.6±8.1 years old, the average years of experience was 8.3±6.7 years, and the percentage of those who had a specific religion was 8.3% (Buddhism 2.6%, Christianity 2.2%, etc.).
    Ultimately, indication was made regarding a causal model of the relationship between spirituality and spiritual care. It was found that, by learning about spirituality and spiritual care, and gaining clinical experience, nurses were able to enrich both their values and their own sense of meaning in their work and lives. This leads to an enhanced sense of spirituality, which in turn contributes to performance of spiritual care.
    Discussion: Thus, it was indicated that spirituality is the most influential factor in spiritual care, and that nurses with a high sense of spirituality are more active and positive in their performance of this care. Therefore, it is believed that, by continuing to learn about spirituality and spiritual care while involved with the care of end-stage cancer patients, the nurses themselves find a sense of spirituality awakened within them, which enables them to take a more positive stance in spiritual care and its practice.
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  • Machiko Suzuki
    Article type: Report
    2009 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 1_32-1_40
    Published: March 20, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The objective of this study was to qualitatively evaluate and describe the perception of parents of children at schools for handicapped children on child-rearing in view of the present state of their medical care associated with the positioning of nurses at schools for handicapped children. A semi-structured interview survey was performed in 29 parents of home-cared children of school age who needed medical care, and the data obtained were analyzed qualitatively and inductively. As a result, perceptions of the parents were represented by “child-centered,” “self-rather than child-centered,” “parents being responsible for children,” and “let-alone attitude” in the present situation, i.e., nurses have been positioned at schools for handicapped children in consideration of the limitations of children needing medical care, allowing parents to entrust the care of their children to the school while they are at school. Thus, the positioning of nurses at schools for handicapped children relieved parents from child care and revealed the “polarized” perception of parents regarding child-rearing. These observations suggest that:To improve educational efficiency at schools for handicapped children, each school must become a “field” for “parent-rearing,” which includes perceptive restructuring, as well as “child-rearing” with parents' participation as a basic requirement, and it is important for nurses to support both children and parents by establishing a comfortable relationship with teachers.
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  • Yoshiko Shimizu, Shinobu Sekimizu, Toshiko Endo, Akio Hirose, Michiru ...
    Article type: Report
    2009 Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 1_41-1_50
    Published: March 20, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Purpose: We developed and evaluated a 2-hour program for mothers in order to increase the level of happiness in raising their children.
    Method: Following a pretest, we conducted this program twice with 14 mothers (7 mothers per group), and evaluated differences in psychological indicators such as mood and feelings of happiness and stress in raising children, and in physiological indicators such as levels of relaxation and stress. These indicators were assessed before, immediately after, and a week after their participation in the program.
    Results: With respect to mood change, “anxiety” decreased, while “energy and excitement” decreased. Regarding parenting stress, “worrying about the development of their children” decreased. At the same time, with respect to their child care happiness, mothers demonstrated more “appreciation from their children and a sense of healing,” and felt that there was “not enough support from their husband in raising children.” In terms of physiological indicators, we detected a decrease in heart rate and an increase in HF. Brain waves showed a decrease in θ-waves and β-waves and an increase in α-waves (in particular α3-waves), which indicates a relaxing effect. In addition, by helping to broaden the mothers' perspective and sense of reassurance and breadth of mind through day-care services, the mothers were able to express love towards their children and experience growth within themselves through the reexamination of their relationship with their children.
    Conclusion: In the future, we hope to develop this program into a continuous course and use cross-sectional assessments to evaluate the program.
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