Journal of Japan Academy of Nursing Science
Online ISSN : 2185-8888
Print ISSN : 0287-5330
ISSN-L : 0287-5330
Volume 31, Issue 3
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
Foreword
Original Articles
  • Michiyo Komura
    Article type: Original Article
    2011 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 3_3-3_11
    Published: September 20, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to elucidate the interaction between nurses and patients through the verbal and non-verbal aspects of nurse–patient exchanges at a muscular dystrophy ward, employing the method of ethnography, 18 nurses at a muscular dystrophy ward, 20 muscular dystrophy patients, and three mothers of the patients were interviewed and observed in the form of participant observation. Three points are drawn from the results of our analysis: 1. Consideration of nurses and concession on the part of patients seen in the silent ward, 2. the nurses' unrecognized service to understand the intentions of patients without using verbal expressions, and 3. a realm that neither group can enter. It is suggested that the nurses acquire an excellent skill in using their sensitiveness to actually understand the physical feeling that the patients experience, which may be called “common feelings.” Using these feelings the nurses take care of the patients by understanding their intentions without relying on verbal communication. It is also suggested that mutual constraint and dependence results from the relationship between the nurses and patients that requires such minimal use of words, which directs the relationship to a point where both of them try to avoid referring to the patient's death.
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Reports
  • Eiko Kato, Fusako Ozaki
    Article type: Report
    2011 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 3_12-3_20
    Published: September 20, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify certain decision-making factors for job retention as they relate to and affect job satisfaction, and to investigate ways to support job retention.
    Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to 1,064 nurses who work at general hospitals of 200–700 beds. This study focused on nurses who are in high and middle aged nurses. A total of 223 nurses participated in the study. For total data, t-tests and multiple regression were used for analysis.
    Results: 56 nurses (25.1%) of the participating who worked at hospitals did not want to continue working at the same hospital. There were two factors affecting job satisfaction: organizational and professional. In the organizational factors, the care delivery system was the strongest, followed by pay, working conditions, general health and safety, relationships among colleagues and the feeling of belonging to one's own ward. In the professional factor, their creativity and burnout were affected.
    Conclusions: The study would like to suggest to nursing administrators of high and mid-career nurses to support good relationships among colleagues in a working environment in order to maintain job retention. After all, the improvement of nurses' working conditions is an important role of nursing administrators.
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  • Yuko Mito, Mariko Koyama, Nobuko Katahira, Yoshiko Yamaguchi, Chiaki K ...
    Article type: Report
    2011 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 3_21-3_31
    Published: September 20, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Purpose: The objective of this research was to identify goals and achievement levels of nursing skills at graduation upon which both nursing educators and clinical practice experts can agree.
    Methods: With the cooperation of 91 nursing educators and 98 clinical practice experts, 158 items regarding these goals and achievement levels were iteratively reviewed three times by a Delphi method using a questionnaire.
    Results: Based on this feedback, these goals and achievement levels were finally narrowed down to 143 items, of which 138 items obtained greater than 80% approval from both nursing educators and clinical practice experts, and the remaining 5 items obtained 74–79% approval, indicating high overall approval rates. The goals of nursing skills consist of four achievement levels: 33 items in level I (able to perform independently) and 53 items in level II (able to perform under supervision), where both levels have many items about nursing skills with respect to support of daily life activities; 20 items in level III (able to perform in nursing skills laboratories) and 37 items in level IV (understand as knowledge), where both of these levels include many items about nursing skills accompanying medical treatment.
    Conclusion: We believe the results of this questionnaire study will help bridge the gap between education and clinical practice, leading to more coherent nursing skills education programs.
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  • Ikue Sakai, Eriko Mizuno
    Article type: Report
    2011 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 3_32-3_41
    Published: September 20, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the concrete contents and characteristics, experiences which affected the purpose of life of people with mental illness living in the community for three years or more.
    Method: Using a semi-structured interview, seventeen subjects participated in the study. Interviews were analyzed by qualitative description.
    Result: The data was classified into 5 categories related to purpose of life: personal relationships with others, positive feelings toward current life, hobbies, religion, and work. In addition, 6 categories of factors emerged which affected their purpose of life: self-realization of their symptoms and illness, positive recognition and advice by others, current life, intentional interpersonal relationships, relation with the family, and hard to notice one's purpose of life.
    Conclusion: Most of the purposes of life of people with mental illness were the existence of other people, positive feelings toward current life, and current interests. And, the purposes of life existed variously in usual life. It was thought that the relation of others was important to people with mental illness, because there is the person who is hard to notice one's purpose of life.
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  • Mie Izumi, Chiharu Habuta, Kiyoko Kabeyama
    Article type: Report
    2011 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 3_42-3_49
    Published: September 20, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Objective: The purpose of this study was to clarify whether the psychological effects of an ultrasound examination on pregnant women differed based on whether performed by a physician or midwife, the background of pregnant women, and other factors.
    Methods: An anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted after ultrasonography, involving 215 pregnant women showing a normal course.
    Results: Maternal consciousness and behavior and attachment to the fetus became accompanied by a more positive acceptance owing to ultrasound examination. No difference in effect was noted between the procedure being conducted by a physician and midwife, but ultrasound examination had a marked effect on primiparas, pregnant women who viewed pregnancy positively when it was determined, and pregnant women who more strongly viewed the fetus as an individual different from or a part of themselves.
    Conclusion: Ultrasound examination made by midwives had a similar psychological effect as that of physician. Thus, the results suggested the following: significance of ultrasound examination made by midwife, effectiveness of healthcare guidance for primiparas employing ultrasound examination, and importance of the examination and intervention for pregnant women to become aware of a fetus.
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  • —Study on Nurses Corporeity through Interaction with the Patient—
    Yukiko Ito
    Article type: Report
    2011 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 3_50-3_60
    Published: September 20, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study aims to analyze nurses corporeity through the interaction with patients in order to explore the process in which nurses provide care based on their concern for patients. The modified grounded theory approach (M-GTA) was used to analyze the data of semi-structured interviews with 32 nurses. Results generated a total of five categories, eight sub-categories, and 36 concepts. Based on concern for the patient, the nurse “corporeally empathizes with” changes that the patient is experiencing by “sensing with corporeal sensibilities,” and “making good use of innate judgment and effective steps.” Two types of processes then came into play: The “effected action” process in which the nurse becomes close to the patient through understanding, and the type of process in which the nurse seeks a clear understanding as it raises a new area of uncertainty. These processes occur simultaneously and end with “the nurse's feedback and direction gained through the interaction” with the patient, and nurses base these experiences on the interaction with other patients.
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Other
  • Yu Miyake, Yoshie Yokoyama
    Article type: Other
    2011 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 3_61-3_67
    Published: September 20, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Object: To demonstrate the efficacy of using laughter in clinical and nursing practice, the present study was designed to overview the effects of laughter previously reported in Japan regarding both physical and mental aspects through a literature review.
    Method: Literature search was performed of the Igaku Chuo Zasshi Publishing database using “laughter” or “humor” as the keyword for publications during the period of 1980 to May 2009, and 29 articles were retrieved. For international journals, PubMed was used with the keywords “laughter” and “effect” and the target period of 2000 to May 2009, and 20 papers by Japanese authors were identified.
    Results: As the physical effects of laughter, many researchers reported enhancement of the NK cell activity and its effects on the immune system. There were also studies on the alleviation of pain, improvement of various symptoms in allergic patients, reduction of the increase in blood glucose after eating, and improvement of cerebral activity. As the mental effects of laughter, there were a lot of studies on efficacy in coping with stress. In addition, humor have benefits in relation to interpersonal skills, and a relaxation effect.
    Conclusion: While there have been many experiments involving healthy people or specific disease, the efficacy of laughter in patients with acute/chronic disease as well as its preventive effects are expected to be explored in future research on laughter as a means of nursing care in clinical practice.
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