Journal of Japan Association on Odor Environment
Online ISSN : 1349-7847
Print ISSN : 1348-2904
ISSN-L : 1348-2904
Volume 37, Issue 2
MARCH
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
Special Issue
  • [in Japanese]
    2006 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 79
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
  • -The Clinical Application to Periodontal Disease and Foul Breath Monitor-
    Masatoshi UEDA
    2006 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 80-88
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Analysis of malodorous components of the breath requires a large experimental facility. We recently developed breath detection equipment that had ammonia, not methyl mercaptan, as its target. We found that the amount of ammonia in a healthy subject was less than 16ppm. There was a significant positive correlation between the amount of ammonia measured by the breath inspection equipment and that of methyl mercaptan detected by gaschromatography in 12 patients with periodontal disease who had halitosis. Also there was a positive correlation between the amount of ammonia, clinical findings, and the bacteria count indicated by a phase contrast microscope. We found that the amount of ammonia decreased after initial preparation for periodontal therapy. The effectiveness of new foul breath deodorizers (foul breath deodorization tablet, film, spray and rinse medicine) was examined.
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  • Atsuhisa FUKUDA, Hiromi ISHIDA, Meri KUBOTA, Yoshitada KOJIMA
    2006 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 89-93
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In case of carbon monoxide poisoning, the measurement of COHb has actually been dependent on an oximeter in medical institutions. Whereas, due to an addition of an invasive blood collection in measuring COHb, frequent inspections cannot be conducted, and at the same time, real time measurement at subjects’ bedside is impossible because the equipment is large in size. In recent years, however, non-invasive sampling has made it possible to inspect repeatedly : therefore, a breath gas analyzer capable of real-time reporting of study results has been clinically applied in many fields. Since we have recently had an opportunity to use EC50 ToxCO manufactured by Bedfont Scientific Ltd., which is small, compact and lightweight, and can measure CO (ppm) and COHb (%) in breath quickly and handy, we report in this paper the results of the basic study of the analyzer and of feasibility of clinical application.
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  • Hideo UEDA
    2006 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 94-98
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Carbon monoxide (CO), a product of incomplete combustion, is odorless toxic gas, and known as a harmful and expelled from ambient air. However, recently it has been known that the “toxic” gas, CO is formed in our body metabolism, and exerts “useful” biological effects such as anti-inflammable, anti-apoptotic, and anti-proliferative. Furthermore, inhalation of low concentration of CO directly, and storage of organs to be grafted in CO dissolved aqueous solution, have been recognized to be therapeutic effect, respectively. In this issue, two types of high sensitive CO analyzer are described, one is for continuous measurement, and the other is a gas chromatography system for a minute sample (less than 1.0mL) and rapid result, with a simple operation of fool-proof. And also, to measure CO formation by expression of heme oxygenase, the pre-treatment process of carboxylhemoglobin (COHb) in blood specimen is shown.
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  • Yoshihisa URITA, Motonobu SUGIMOTO, Kazumasa MIKI
    2006 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 99-104
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Breath hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4) measurements are widely used to evaluate carbohydrate malabsorption, bacterial overgrowth and oro-cecal transit time. It was reported that 2-20% of carbohydrates escape small intestinal absorption and reached the colon. Based on this fact, colonic fermentation is considered to be present more frequency than expected. If bacteria exist in the small intestine or unabsorbed carbohydrates reach the cecum, the glucose ingested will be metabolized by gut flora and H2 or CH4 is produced in the intestinal tract. Because bacteria represent the sole source of gut H2 and CH4, fasting breath H2 and CH4 gases have been used as markers of colonic fermentation. Methanogenic bacteria utilize H2, carbon dioxid, and then synthesize CH4. As gastric acid plays an important part in the prevention of bacterial colonization of the stomach and the small intestine, reduction of gastric acid secretion often results in bacterial overgrowth. If the fermentation occurs in the stomach or proximal small intestine, it inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretions, and also influences lower esophageal sphincter function in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Although breath tests such as measuring fasting or postprandial H2 concentrations are noninvasive, avoiding the risk of sampling error, the site of overgrowth cannot be identified. Therefore, we also measured intragastric and intraduodenal H2 and CH4 concentrations to determine the site of fermentation. In the future, the expansion of H2 and CH4 measurement may make it possible that breath testing may be adopted as a primary approach to the diagnosis of digestive diseases which have avoided older invasive methods.
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  • Yukimoto ISHII, Tadashi KOHNO, Asuka ITO, Satoshi ASAI
    2006 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 105-109
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Recently, analysis of the expiratory component has become easier, because a analytical technique has been developed. How an exhalation component is associated with pathology of digestive disease and alimentary function was investigated and 13CO2 infrared spectrophotometry devices are introduced as one of the clinical laboratory test methods. The 13C labeled compound breath test is beginning to be used for the diagnosis of a digestive disease, and for judgment of medical treatment effects. We performed on L-[1-13C] phenylalanine breath test as a liver function test. It was shown that L-[1-13C] phenylalanine breath test is a useful method to assist in detecting histological changes in the liver and enzymatic activity throughout the whole liver, unlike conventional liver function test.
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Research paper
  • Takashi HIGUCHI, Shin-ya UEHARA, Norikazu SUGIYAMA
    2006 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 110-121
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    For the purpose of improving biological VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) treatment from the viewpoint of performance and stability, a new design “Switch-Feed Multi-Column Biofiltration” was proposed, and experiments were carried out using gaseous toluene as the target pollutant. In this study, operating conditions in the newly proposed design were simulated experimentally by connecting three packed columns of PVF (Poly-Vinyl Formal) medium in series, by switching the gas flow line periodically, and by washing packed columns at the timing of flow line switching. Results showed that the increase of nitrogen, which was included in the nutrient solution used for washing, brought higher toluene removal efficiency, and that about 60% of water content was the optimal condition for the packing material. Excess biomass in the packed layer did not be eliminated only by the physical washing process provided as liquid flow, and it was suggested that chemical treatment was effective to control biomass. The newly developed PVF medium, which has 2.0mm of average pore diameter and 96% of porosity, provided the first-order kinetics of toluene removal under the range up to 200ppmv of inlet toluene concentration. Moreover, the new PVF medium maintained nearly maximum toluene removal under 40-80% of water content. Approximately 0.05sec-1 of the first-order kinetics coefficient (sorption rate coefficient) was obtained as average toluene removal, and removal capacity against 200 ppmv of toluene concentration was within the range from 140 to 200gm-3h-1.
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