[in Japanese]

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Fifty years have passed since deodorization devices using microorganisms became widely known. The problem of environmental odor occurs almost everywhere, and as a result the treatment of such odor has become necessary. To this end, chemical treatments using reagents, physical treatments using activated carbon and biological treatments using microorganisms have been adopted. Within these the biological treatment method is now popular and is used in all kinds of places. Deodorization methods using soil and activated sludge have also been adopted ; nowadays, the fixed-bed biological treatment method is being widely used in sewage treatment facilities, and is showing good performance. On the other hand, the deodorizing method using activated sludge is used in industry as well as wastewater treatment. In this paper, I will describe the history of biological deodorization methods by introducing an example of a casting factory.

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Biological packed filter deodorizaion is one methods of the biological deodorizaion process and has become popular as an odor control method for sewage treatment and night soil treatment in JAPAN since 1990s. This paper describs the abstract of biological packed filter deodorizaion and classifies it into several types.
This paper also illustrates one method of biological desulfurization applied for anearobic biogas treatment.

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In recent years, packed-tower type biological deodorization has been put into practical use to control odor emissions from sewage treatment plants. Conventionally, this method is often applied in combination with activated carbon adsorption treatment downstream to minimize the frequency of absorbent replacement and, consequently, to reduce maintenance costs. There is, however, a need to develop high-performance packed-tower type biological deodorization due to an increasing demand for further reduction of running costs and environmental loads. This paper discusses the principle, features, and configuration examples of packed-tower type biological deodorization and also presents the operating conditions and treatment performance of a concrete application of a packed-tower type biological deodorization system that controls odor emissions from sewage sludge/water treatment plants.

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”Rock wool deodorization equipment” is a biological deodorization system developed under the consignment research in the “Emergency Development Program for Agricultural Machinery, etc.” starting in 1993. The research and development were completed in 4 years.
Rock wool deodorization equipment was developed by improving existing soil deodorization equipment. It functions by efficiently deodorizing odorous gas, ammonia to make it odorless using microbes in the deodorization medium, and facilitating diffusion of the odorless gas into air.

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Social and technical background of biofiltration treating VOC_s (Volatile Organic Compounds), and its latest trend of research and development, are explained. Until now, practical uses of biofiltration is not widespread enough, though its possibility have already been becoming evident by many fundamental studies. Biofiltration will be considered as one of the major methods for the treatment of gaseous VOC_s in Japan increasingly, because of recent governmental policies on malodor and air pollution abatements.

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The method developed to analyze the components of cigarette odors is capable of quantitatively evaluating lingering odor using a simple procedure. The odor intensity is then estimated by condensing the gas evaporated from curtain material previously exposed to cigarette odors and subsequently analyzing the gas with gas chromatograph mass spectrometry. The lingering odor has been confirmed to contain aldehyde, olefin, heterocyclic and heteroaromatic compounds. After confirming the linear correlation between the logarithm of vinyl pyridine concentration and the six-level odor intensity, a simplified method of estimating the intensity of lingering odors has become possible by using the vinyl pyridine concentration.

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Some deodorants contain surfactants that pollute our environment. We looked for new materials in order to improve deodorants and which did not affect the environment. We considered Cinnamomum camphora and rice bran. C. camphora is planted in the street or the shrine and cut down several times per year and discarded. Rice bran is made from the process which makes polished rice and the bran is also discarded. We performed an examination of deodorization effect using these materials. C. camphora and rice bran had higher deodorization effects compared with a commercial deodorant. New deodorant that uses waste materials would be improve odor environment without using a surfactant as an additive.

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