By the use of caliper logging the diameter of a drilled well is measured quantitatively. Combining these results with geology and drilling method, the conclusions about the heaving are obtained as follows:
(1) There are two causes for the heaving: the property of stratum and the drilling method.
(2) Certain stratum has tendency to heave. It depends on clay mineral in the stratum.
(3) Stratum heaves under unfavorable drilling conditions such as a slow drilling rate, reaming, and the use of unsuitable mud fluid.
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