石油技術協会誌
Online ISSN : 1881-4131
Print ISSN : 0370-9868
ISSN-L : 0370-9868
69 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の11件中1~11を表示しています
  • イラクの富と権力の新たな行方
    大野 元裕
    2004 年 69 巻 1 号 p. 5-11
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2008/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    So far, in Iraq, there are no adequate circumstances to promote business and reconstruction due to the lack of stability and legitimacy of represented governance.
    United States won landslide victory and overthrew the Saddam's regime. However, it did not mean the victory created white campus on which United States could draw any picture they want. Domestically, it meant the followings;
    • People were liberated but not achieve freedom, rather thrown into chaos.
    • Depressed ethno-religious groups were relieved from the autocratic regime and reemerged as significant politico-social entities.
    • Strong tribal groups tied with the regime were excluded, challenged and became unsta-bilizing elements.
    Those negative effects had been enforced by miss-management of the occupying forces. As a result, the reconstruction could not have adequate circumstances. Security is the foremost problem. The situation seems worsen. Pattern of attack, intended target and used ammunition had changed and becoming more serious than before. In addition, international terror group are said to be involved. However, also, there are positive changes; recruiting former regime's intelligence persons, giving more authority to Iraqis in earlier time. So, the situation now is at the corner toward falling into bad spiral or cutting the spiral.
    Financial contribution for the reconstruction cannot be seen optimistically. Amount of the contribution may not satisfy the needs. The further damage on infrastructure may require more cost. If the reconstruction process cannot achieve certain success by 2007, when the expressed international contribution will be ended and repayment of the debt will start, Iraq will financially face more serious problem.
    Under this situation, Japanese private companies may have significant role. Especially, under the financial burden, Iraq may require investment in wider area than the area that they open for the foreign companies. Japanese companies may be late comer, but it is significant to have contact with Iraqi authority and government in early timing looking forward future relation.
  • 石油地質概要と南部の大規模未開発油田
    横井 研一, 佐藤 隆一
    2004 年 69 巻 1 号 p. 12-22
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2008/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    Geological Survey Department of Japan National Oil Corporation has been conducting in-house studies on petroleum geology and undeveloped giant fields of Iraq, and this paper gives an outline of the results of the studies.
    Iraqi oil fields have the following characteristics: i) Main reservoirs are the Cretaceous carbonate and sandstone rocks in southern oil fields and the Tertiary carbonate rocks in northern oil fields, ii) Typical structures are gentle anticline in southern oil fields and steep anticline with
    reverse fault in northern oil fields, iii) Oil fields have multiple reservoirs.
    In southern Iraq, there are many undeveloped giant fields including Majnoon, West Qurna and Bin Omar fields, which have reserves of more than 5 billion barrels. Main reservoirs of the fields are the early Cretaceous Yamama formation, Zubair formation, Nahr Umr formation and the late Cretaceous Mishrif formation. The area where each formation shows good reservoir properties are restricted and this can be explained by the difference of depositional environment of the formation in the area.
    Development costs of the undeveloped fields in southern Iraq are estimated to be from hundreds of millions of dollars to billions of dollars although unit costs($/bbl) for the development are fairly low. Difference in productive formations and/or operation environments(desert or swamp) affect the development costs.
  • 根井 寿規
    2004 年 69 巻 1 号 p. 23-28
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2008/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    The author had been sent to CPA as one of the Japanese government representatives for 3 months till early August.
    Throughout the working experience in CPA mainly at Basra, the author found 3 points which were not clearly mentioned by all the news media in Japan.
    One is that the organization structure of CPA is more likely to military one not civilian one. Another one is that most of the reconstruction works have been done not by CPA but by military forces and Iraq governmental agencies. The other one is that shortage of power supply damages oil production and water supply.
    In order to regain Iraq oil supply to the level of before the war, we must to secure power supply to oil pumping station. Fortunately all the other facilities such as pumps, refinery etc. are alive so that only power supply is the issue for reconstruction.
    There are two things need to solve for effective reconstruction work. One is elimination of looting activities. The other is coordination among each agencies such as U. S. DOD, USAID, UN organizations etc.
    The author is confident that Iraqi has strong will to build democratic nation and capability to reconstruct its country by themselves.
    Japanese government need to support their activities based on their real needs and by the quick response.
    The author expect to rebuild close tie between Japan and Iraq quite soon.
  • 石井 彰
    2004 年 69 巻 1 号 p. 29-37
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2008/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    If general political situation in Iraq is improved explicitly, there will be good possibility its oil production will be over 6 million B/D in 5 years time. But to materialize this, economically rational political decision by the future legitimate Iraqi government for huge scale introduction of IOC must overcome naive nationalism and vested interests of NOC technocrats that can be seen very often in other major oil producing countries. At present, despite hope of the White House and the interim government, IOC's are very reluctant to longterm investments in Iraq because of serious political instability and strong possibility of severe contractual conditions, which are very common in the Arabian Gulf area. Based on these situations, there will be certain business chances for Japanese oil industry, but in order to make these chances really meaningful profits, Japanese companies should consider various factors and alternatives cautiously.
  • イラク戦争の影響
    柳田 行範
    2004 年 69 巻 1 号 p. 38-46
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2008/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    Although the wave of globalization is washing the shore of oil producing countries in the Arabian Gulf region, there are still big gaps between the values of the Arab and the western. Recent turmoil in Iraq after falling down of the regime of Saddam Hussain is a very example of the trouble caused by the difference of values.
    It is essential for foreign oil companies to recognize such difference of values and to have enough knowledge about domestic political situation and social system of these countries for avoiding unnecessary conflicts with local society, maintaining advantageous position in the business and seeking a seed of new business.
    Taking Kuwait as a sample of such oil producing countries, this report tries to analyze political and social aspects affecting its national oil policy, and then depicts the decision making mechanism in the oil sector.
    These years, in Kuwait, the authority of decision making in oil policy has seemed to be centralized to the newly assigned Prime Minister, H.H. Shaikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah but many complicated political and social factors still remain as obstacles.
    For instant, the government of Kuwait has been tackling a project for upgrading its oil fields with applying advanced technology and fund of International Oil Companies but the project has shown little progress in the past years because of the loud objection from National Assembly.
    However, the recent changes of political factors inside and outside Kuwait has brought the sign of positive progress in this project, and other development plan of an offshore gas field is now discussed in the government with much reality.
  • 岩井 龍太郎
    2004 年 69 巻 1 号 p. 47-54
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2008/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    Stumbles in the United States' implementation of its post-war Iraq restoration policy have invited the present crude oil prices stabilized at a higher level. Year 2003' s income from petroleum in the Middle East oil-producing nations is forecast to reach a 20-year-ago level of the so-called "Oil Boom." Oil majors having numerous oil and natural gas reserves around the world are gaining a huge income, thereby holding abundant funds to invest. A look at the investment trend of the world, as a whole, tells that the total amount invested remains constant, in which investment fields and regions are determined by economic trends, consumption tendencies and regional stableness. From this standpoint, any large, concentrated investment in areas other than the energy field does not seem likely anytime soon because of economic slowdowns worldwide. During at least 3 to 4 years from now, the circumstances are that investment will tend to be concentrated on profitable projects in resources-rich Middle East countries, such as crude oil exploration, natural gas development and LNG.
    The most serious issue in the Middle East nations is how to handle a bursting young-generation population. In most of the Middle East, the population at age 250r under is more than 60%, which has invoked the fear that those countries' national finances depending on oil and LNG income may bust in the not-distant future. Large-scale industrialization policies are being launched in an attempt to revitalize the economy and to ensure employment for younger labor. There will be a continuation of a huge investment in plans to build up petrochemical complexes based on inexpensive energy resources. Along with this, a large investment is expected in infrastructure construction, such as water, electricity, and town gas, for areas being rapidly urbanized.
  • 対中東「ブッシュ•ドクトリン」の日本へのインプリケーション
    松永 泰行
    2004 年 69 巻 1 号 p. 55-64
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2008/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    The September 11th attack on the U.S. prompted the Bush Administration to base its Middle East policy on a set of assumptions very different from those on which the previous Administrations' policies were based. In its turn, the Bush "Middle East" Doctrine, which has replaced the 1980 Carter Doctrine, requires us to fundamentally reconsider how best to secure Japan's national interest in the Persian Gulf region.
  • 渡辺 真人, 高橋 雅紀
    2004 年 69 巻 1 号 p. 65-72
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2008/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    Diatom biostratigraphy was applied for the Miocene marine sequence distributed along the Arakawa River in the northern part of the Hiki Hills, central Japan. Five out of 36 collected samples (calcareous nodules) yielded age diagnostic diatom fossils. They were assigned to the lower Denticulopsis lauta Zone (NPD 4 A) between the diatom biohorizons D 41 (15.8 Ma) and D 41.5 (15.6Ma). Based on the diatom geochronology, the dated section (Kuroda Section) is correlative to the middle to upper part of the Uematsu Section, located about 2, 500m northeast from the Kuroda Section. Fold and/or fault are inferred between the Kuroda and Uematsu Sections, because easterly inclined sediments of the same horizon are exposed repeatedly.
  • 坂本 靖英, 菅井 裕一, 榎本 兵治, 洪 承燮
    2004 年 69 巻 1 号 p. 73-82
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2008/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    A two phases, three components simulation model of super-wet in-situ combustion process was developed to study the phenomena occurring in an oil formation that cannot be directly measurable. Simulations were conducted with the same basic conditions as used in our combustion tube experiments, previously reported. As results, it was found that(1) the distribution of oxygen concentration showed that the extremely narrow combustion zone was formed similarly to that in a conventional in-situ combustion, (2) the peak temperature at the stabilized reaction zone was around 200 degrees centigrade, which was much lower than 400 degrees centigrade in a conventional in-situ combustion, (3) a notable temperature increase ahead of the combustion zone, promoted the oil accumulation due to improving the relative permeability of oil, (4) when an oil bank arrived at a production well, oil production started, (5) even at the standard calculation condition, the oil recovery was reached 44 percent in a water-flooded formation.
    In addition, the calculation results show that, to sustain the combustion zone, and satisfy the limiting condition for heat balance, the flow speed of oxygen in the formation has to be higher than that of injected cold water.
  • 高橋 雅紀
    2004 年 69 巻 1 号 p. 83-93
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2008/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    Oxygen isotope fluctuation history of the DSDP Site 608(North Atlantic) was re-calculated on the basis of Cande and Kent's(1995) geomagnetic polarity time scale(GPTS). The newest biostratigraphic biohorizons of planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils were combined with magnetic reversals of the DSDP Site 608 core to determine the suitable correlation of the magnetostratigraphy with newest GPTS model. The each oxygen isotope event became somewhat older than previous estimations of Miller et al.(1991 b). Direct relationship between the oxygen isotope fluctuation pattern and integrated magneto-biostratigraphic time scale is presented through this work.
  • 渡部 克哉
    2004 年 69 巻 1 号 p. 94-102
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2008/03/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this paper is to describe the fundamental concept of four-component (4-C) seismic exploration, and to exhibit its applications to the field surveys. "4-C seismic exploration" is a recently developed seismic method which utilizes 4-C receiver systems (orthogonally-oriented three-component geophones and a hydrophone) deployed on the seafloor in order to record S- waves and P- waves, in contrast with the conventional methods which acquire only P-waves. "4-C seismic exploration" has possibilities to provide more precise information on reservoir properties than conventional P-wave technologies.
feedback
Top