石油技術協会誌
Online ISSN : 1881-4131
Print ISSN : 0370-9868
ISSN-L : 0370-9868
76 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1~9を表示しています
講演
  • 福嶋 睦夫, 岸 恵一
    2011 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 390-394
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2014/01/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    The Blowout Accident had occurred at 20th April, 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico which included the 11 lives were lost. After that, it was caused the extensive oil spill and serious marine pollution in the coast area. The water depth of well M is 4,992ft and the accident has happened during the temporary abandonment operation after the production casing setting at the 13,000ft below the seabed. This paper describes the technical outline of the accident and analyzes by the collected information which includes issues, questions and unique interpretations. From the aspects of the accident summaries, we suggest the considerations for the future deepwater drilling technology.
  • ―マネージメントに関する考察―
    鈴木 琢生
    2011 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 395-402
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2014/01/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    The tragedy of Deepwater Horizon happened on 20 April 2010 has been deeply heeded in the people around the world because of the shock of losing the rig with 11 fatalities and following environmental impact with nearly 5 million barrels of spilled oil in the Gulf of Mexico. This incident resulted the Moratorium of offshore oil & gas drilling activities and influenced not only to the offshore oil & gas operators and contractors but the enterprises and their employees of the Gulf coast States.
    Everybody those who tied with oil business might not be able to realize how it could happen to the combination of Oilfield giants, BP and Transocean who supposed to have advanced operational management systems, and concerned to know the detailed sequence and causes of the incident.
    It seems to be identified through the internal investigations by the concerned party and investigations by Federal Authorities that the underlying/root causes of the incident are at the failures of implementing the management system and defect/flaw of the system.
    This paper will study the Management failures at the Macondo operations which are considered to be the underlying/root causes of the tragedy by reviewing the released incident investigation reports, improved offshore regulations, legislated new rules in the States and, finally attempt to find the way to eliminate the failure of management to prevent the hazards become incidents.
  • (マコンドでの事故以降の坑井掘削仕上げに関連する危険性を診断し, 数値で表す, 包括的なリスクマネジメントシステム)
    レノ ローリー
    2011 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 403-404
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2014/01/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    安全はリスクの許容範囲に対する判断から展開する危険の許容範囲に対して判定されるものと定義できる。
    ここで私達は理想主義から現実主義への明確な移りを見ることができる。それは方針およびプロシージャ, 法律および規則, 規約および標準など, 受諾可能な危険の命令のレベルは理想主義的であり, 実作業を行なっている人は, 最終的に危険のどんなレベルが耐えられるか, それ自体を決定したり, 設備または操作内の安全のレベルを定義したりするように現実的に考えるということである。
    私達の目的は, リスクの許容範囲が, 決して受諾可能な範囲を確実に超えないようにすることであり, それらは上記の判断基準によって, 査定されるということである。
    今回の発表は, どのようにProactive Controls (Risk Migration) とReactive Recovery (Consequence Mitigation) との間で適切なバランスをとるかということで作業の品質および効率の向上をもたらしていくのかということを示す。
  • 志村 正臣
    2011 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 405-408
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2014/01/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    On 21st August 2009, the crucial blowout was occurred on the Montara wellhead platform in the Timor Sea at the northern coast of Western Australia. It was just eight months before the Macondo blowout. The uncontrollable state continued until 3rd November 2009 and countermeasure operations continued until 3rd December 2009. The immediate cause was considered as the failure of well integrity caused by poor cement job. The mishandling of well barriers is the primary cause of the blowout. Recently, the Macondo is mainly highlighted due to large-scale damages. However, these two blowouts are significant issues for the oil industry to learn lessons because of many similarities between both incidents.
  • 松野 郁右
    2011 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 409-414
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2014/01/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    Needless to say, a lot of uncertainties lie in drilling operations because it is impossible for us to see the underground with our own eyes. Additionally, experiences on drilling operations are hard to be evaluated quantitatively. For that reason, to pass down the experiences to the future and to share the experiences are very difficult.
    Japan Petroleum Exploration Co., Ltd. (JAPEX) attempts to evaluate drilling operations so that everyone who is involved in drilling operations can make efficient use of them, which he or she doesn't experience directly.
    In this paper, four examples of JAPEX's effort for quantitative evaluation of drilling operations with the probabilistic point of view are discussed.
  • 北村 龍太, 宮田 和明, 伊藤 義治, 正田 伸次
    2011 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 415-424
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2014/01/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    With the increasing global demand for oil and gas, target fields are being expanded into difficult and hard to reach targets. Accordingly, drilling operation in high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) condition is an increasing trend. Under these conditions, there are still many technological challenges including surface and subsurface equipment for drilling and completion.
    Macondo exploratory well is not categorized in HPHT, as the downhole temperature is not so high. However there are many fields drilled much deeper than 7,000m in the Gulf of Mexico. So HPHT has strong relation with exploration and development in Gulf of Mexico.
    Under the circumstance, JOGMEC-TRC has conducted the study entitled as “Trend Survey on HPHT Field Development” to investigate current status of HPHT Field development issues.
資料
論説
  • 長縄 成実, 岡津 弘明, 久保 智司
    2011 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 436-443
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2014/01/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    Cuttings transport and management of equivalent circulating density (ECD) are the key issues in designing and drilling extended-reach and directional wells.
    In this paper, a simulation study on cuttings transport and ECD behavior was carried out by use of field data for highly inclined directional well “Numanohata Higashi (T1) SK-1aD” drilled in Hokkaido, Japan. As a result of simulation study, it was demonstrated that ECD was fluctuated in accordance with drilling history that drilling and mud circulation were alternately repeated. The manner ECD fluctuated was as follows. In the well with short low inclined hole section in which cuttings deposit bed was hardly formed, ECD was increased with increase of cuttings concentration in mud during drilling and was decreased with decrease of cuttings concentration during mud circulation. In the well with long highly inclined hole section, ECD was increased with increase of cuttings deposit bed during drilling and was decreased with decrease of cuttings deposit bed during mud circulation. However, even in the well with long highly inclined hole section, ECD fluctuation was small under the condition that cuttings deposit bed was hardly formed.
    In addition, optimization study on drilling condition was conducted and the following results were obtained. In consideration of cuttings transport, the optimum mud flowrate existed so that ECD was minimized and the optimum flowrate was small for mud with high YP (yield point) or initial gel strength. Mud with high YP or initial gel strength was preferred for good hole cleaning and mud with low YP or initial gel strength was preferred when ECD should be kept lowered even though some amount of cuttings deposit bed were formed.
総説
  • 李 宏勛, 柳 小正, 謝 芹, 杜 媛媛
    2011 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 444-449
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2014/01/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    現在, 中国の天然ガス供給は国内天然ガスの生産によって賄われ, 国外への依存度はまだ低い状態である。しかし, 近年の寒波時には供給不足がしばしば発生し, 天然ガス供給量だけでは消費量を賄えない状況もみられた。中国における天然ガスの安定供給は深刻な問題となり, どのように解決するかが注目されている。
    本稿では, 天然ガス消費のピークを解消する対応策について, 電力管理を参考にして以下のように提案する。(1)政府は天然ガス消費のピークを解消するため, 関連する法律や規定を策定し, 天然ガス供給不足への対応方法や技術の開発などを促進する。(2)天然ガス供給のユーザー管理システムを構築し, 停止可能のユーザーの管理を強化する。天然ガス供給不足の場合, 構築した燃料システムを活用し, 天然ガス消費のピークを調整する。(3)天然ガス料金の制度を見直して時間帯価格を導入し, ピークシフトを奨励する。
    こうした手段を通じて, 天然ガス消費のピーク問題を解決し, 天然ガスによる需給を持続可能にする発展を促進する。
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