Earozoru Kenkyu
Online ISSN : 1881-543X
Print ISSN : 0912-2834
ISSN-L : 0912-2834
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Volume 28, Issue 2
Summer
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Feature Articles—Advances in Mobility Spectrometry and Their Applications—
Research Paper
  • Measurements of Sulfate Particles Using a Sulfate Monitor at a Plain Site and a Mountainous Site in Toyama, Japan
    Koichi WATANABE, Renqiu CAO, Isao NARUSE, Sachie ISHITA, Yoshitoshi UE ...
    2013 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 140-149
    Published: 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11203/jar.28.140
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Measurements of sulfate particles using a commercial sulfate monitor were performed in Imizu City, Toyama Prefecture in the summer of 2009 and at Bijodaira (altitude, 977 m) on the western slope of Mt. Tateyama in the autumn of 2008 and 2010. Concentrations of sulfate had a good correlation with those of PM2.5 in Imizu City. The highest concentrations of PM2.5 and sulfate during the observation period were measured during 27-29 June, 2009. The diurnal variations of PM2.5 and sulfate were unclear in Imizu City. The temporal variations of sulfate were similar to those of the number concentrations of the fine particles at Bijodaira, however, the diurnal variations of sulfate were different from those of the number concentrations. High concentrations of sulfate and the number concentrations of particles associated with the increase of O3 and SO2 were often observed. The high concentrations of sulfate may be due to the long-range transport of air pollutants from the Asian continent.
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Note
  • Transfer of Stable Cesium Isotope in Cigarette into Smoke
    Chiemi FURUKAWA, Hiromi YOSHII, Kiyoshi HOSONO
    2013 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 150-154
    Published: 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11203/jar.28.150
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    While airborne emission of radioactive cesium (Cs) from contaminated biomass by fire has been studied, only few data is publicly available with regard to the transfer of Cs in tobacco leaf to tobacco smoke. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fate of Cs during cigarette smoking, utilizing stable cesium isotope (133Cs) which is naturally contained in tobacco leaf. In order to calculate the transfer rate, mainstream and sidestream smoke from four brand styles of commercial cigarettes were collected with a machine-smoking method. Ash and butts from the smoked cigarettes of two out of the four brand styles were also collected for the estimation of mass balance. After digestion, those collected samples were analyzed with ICP-MS to determine the amount of 133Cs, and the amounts were compared with the original concentration in the cigarettes examined. The transfer rates of 133Cs into the mainstream smoke were proportional to the tar-level of each cigarette, whereas those into sidestream smoke were almost similar among the brand styles investigated. The maximum transfer rates into mainstream and sidestream smoke were 0.35% and 0.57%, respectively, and almost all 133Cs in tobacco was retained in ash and cigarette butts.
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Review Paper
  • Formation of Dry Ice Particles and Their Application to Surface Cleaning
    Yi-Hung LIU, Shuji MATSUSAKA
    2013 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 155-162
    Published: 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11203/jar.28.155
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Rapid expansion of liquid carbon dioxide through a nozzle can result in the production of dry ice particles by the Joule Thomson effect. Dry ice jets formed by this method are employed in various industrial fields because of their advantageous properties such as lower temperature and sublimated dry ice particles. However, fundamental knowledge on the production of dry ice particles in an expanded jet flow is still insufficient. The state of dry ice particles changes rapidly with time; therefore, dynamic analysis of particle production is essential. The present paper reviews research on dry ice jets and their applications, and then presents the latest findings obtained through in-situ observations and measurements. Finally, the paper addresses in detail dry surface cleaning using a dry ice jet, which has attracted research attention as an alternative method to conventional wet surface cleaning.
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