The frequency and scale of Asian dust events have increased rapidly in East Asia since 2000. In connection with this, the effects of Asian dust (
kosa) on human health, especially on allergic diseases, are major concern in Japan. We herein discuss the effects of
kosa on allergic diseases, including asthma, chronic cough and Japanese cedar pollinosis. Epidemiological studies, as well as experimental studies, have demonstrated the association between
kosa and the exacerbation of asthma and allergic diseases.The
kosa particles increase airway inflammation as one of the major sources of atmospheric particulate matter. Furthermore the
kosa particles absorb various atmospheric gases, including air pollution. Such environmental pollution enhances the response to allergens, including Japanese cedar pollen. Recently, some epidemiological studies used the
kosa data obtained by the light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system, which distinguish between mineral dust and other spherical particles, by identifying differences in the shape of the particles. Further studies using the LIDAR system will help to identify the
kosa aerosol components that have adverse health effects, leading to provide new strategies to prevent environmentally induced allergic diseases.
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