In recent years, measuring exhaust emissions from in-use vehicles on the road using an on-board exhaust-gas-measurement device (Portable Emission Measurement System: PEMS) has been studied in the United States (US) and Europe (EU). This two different emission evaluation methodologies have been proposed:, the NTE control-area method from the US, and the Average-window method from EU. In this report, the US and EU methodologies are compared by real road driving of several Japanese heavy trucks. The results indicated that the Average-window method is better than the NTE control-area method for driving in Japan.